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Chapter Eight Nine;More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in this war. More than 15 million people were killed, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in history. ;economic rivalries: tariff war and stiff competition between Britain Germany colonial disputes: Germany’s demand for re-dividing the world according to economic strength political alliances: forming of two conflicting military groups/blocs;Customs war;The immediate trigger;World War I;National Defense Act, 1916 doubled the standing army recognized the National Guard provided for the military training of officers in colleges and summer camps. Another bill was passed to expand the navy American financial industrial commitment to the Allied cause Germany’s submarine campaign against merchant ships April 6, 1917, US declared war on Germany ;Unterseeboot (undersea boat) In February 1915 Germany began using its submarines, or U-boats, to carry out unrestricted submarine warfare against the Allies. They sank ships without warning and without concern for the safety of the crew or passengers. Germany’s submarine warfare was very effective and took a heavy toll on Allied ships.;Lusitania;General Pershing commanded the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) during WWI (1914–1918). After the US declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, it mobilized the AEF and arrived in France in June. Numbering nearly two million soldiers by Nov. 1918, the AEF played an important role in the outcome of the war.;In addition to soldiers, many other people went to Europe to support the war effort. American nurses walk through trenches in France during World War I. ;World War I weaponry consisted of various types of weapons. Military technology led to important innovations in weaponry, grenades, poison gas, and artillery, along with the submarine, warplane and the tank. In 1915, a group of French chemists introduced phosgene as an agent. Phosgenewas difficult to detect, making it a