%84关于多目标优化文章的其他两部分,一(1).doc

1. Introduction 1.1 Multiobjective Optimization Problem In engineering, it is often a problem to formulate a design in which there are several criteria or design objectives. If the objectives are opposing, then the problem becomes finding the best possible design which still satisfies the opposing objectives. An optimum design problem must then be solved, with multiple objectives and constraints taken into consideration. This type of problem is known as either a multiobjective, multicriteria, or a vector optimization problem. 1.2 Multiobjective Optimization Examples As an example, in the design of an automobile an engineer may wish to maximize crash resistance for safety and minimize weight for fuel economy. This is a multiobjective problem with two opposing objectives, that is, a step towards improving one of the objectives, increasing crash resistance, is a step away from improving the other, increasing weight. As a second example, an engineer is given the task to design a beam with minimum deformation and weight. This is a multiobjective problem, again with two opposing objectives. That is, an increase in weight would cause a reduction in deformation. A third example is the design of a lathe for maximum metal removal rate and also maximum tool life. In order to increase the tool life, it is necessary to decrease the metal removal rate. 1.3 History (Eschenauer et al 1986) G.W. Leibniz (1646-1716) and L. Euler (1707-1783) used infinitesimal calculus to find the extreme values of functions. This made it possible for pioneers to study various new fields of mechanics. J. Bernoulli (1655-1705), D. Bernoulli (1700-1782), and Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) used these methods to lead them to their findings; Newton in minimizing the resistance of a revolving body and the Bernoullis in isoperimetric problems. J.L. de Lagrange (1736-1813) and W.R. Hamilton (1805-1865) developed the several theorems which serve as the basis for the solution of all optimum design problem