(带电子跟间).pdfVIP

Ch 24 Electric Potential 1 2424--11 What is PhysicsWhat is Physics One ggoal of pphyysics is to identifyy basic forces in our world, such as the electric force we discussed in Ch. 21. A related goal is to determine whether a force is conservativeconservative —— thatthat isis, whetherwhether wewe cancan findfind aa potential energy to be associated with the force. TheThe motivationmotivation (( 動機動機 )) forfor associatingassociating aa potentialpotential energy with a force is that we can then apply the principle of the conservation of mechanical energy l d Thi ll to closed systems. This extremely powerful principle allows us to calculate the results of experiments for which force calculationscalculations alonealone wouldwould bebe veryvery difficultdifficult.. Experimentally, physicists and engineers discovered that the electric force is conservative and thus has an associated electric potential energy. 2 2424--22 Electric Potential EnergyElectric Potential Energy When an electrostatic force acts between two or more charged particles within a system of particles, we can assign anan electricelectric potentialpotential energyenergy UU toto thethe systemsystem. IfIf thethe system changes its configuration (組態) from an initial state i to a final state f , the electrostatic force (帶電粒子之間) ddoes workk WW ((≡∫∫F•ddS)) on ththe partiticlles. ThThe resultilting chhange in the potential energy of the system is ΔU=U -U =-W (24-1)