及物性研究.docVIP

及物性研究 　　摘 要:本文深入探讨了及物性的本质问题。我们的观点是及物与不及物绝非相互交叉的,而是完全相互对立的界限分明的范畴,也就是说及物性范畴的边界是清晰的,即是二元互斥的。可以这样说,及物与不及物之间存在一种张力,当需要时,它们之间随时可以作相应的调变或彼此间进行一种妥协。及物动词可用做不及物,不及物动词可以用做及物。动词一旦出现在具体的句法结构中,要么作为及物动词要么作为不及物动词,必然是要选定一个的。这也恰好再一次证明了范畴是二分的。 　　关键词:及物性;二元互斥;张力 　　 　　1 Introduction 　　 　　For one thing, within Halliday’s framework, to be brief, transitivity is used in a broad sense including transitivity and intransitivity, so it actually becomes a superordinate of the two. However, the sense of transitivity in this study is a bit different from that is discussed in Halliday’s research, so that we have to omit his transitivity model. It is admitted that we have no discussion about the term of transitivity in systemic-functional grammar that is so well-known that it is worth mentioning though, as it is not the relevance of our argumentations for transitivity facts. 　　For another, based on Hopper and Thompson’s typological work on transitivity and Langacker’s cognitive grammar which offer foundation and inspiration of viewing transitivity as a radial grammatical category, and inspired by the previous findings on many other grammatical categories, many cognitivists attempt to make the assumption that the term of transitivity is a matter of degree, expressed by those transitive clauses. The level of transitivity is the highest in the prototype transitive clause, and it varies according to how far the non-centered clause deviates from the prototype. However, seeing transitivity as a prototype category may not greatly help us solve problems in traditional grammar. 　　We attempt to make a study of the common grammatical category transitivity. This thesis, based on the review of the studies of transitivity from a cognitive aspect, adopts the classical category concept on transitivity and explores the essence of it. It may help not only to solve some difficult problems of transitivity in traditional grammar but offer us to view transitivity as a new perspective from which we are likely t