基于AVR单片机125 kHz简易RFID阅读器设计.docVIP

基于AVR单片机125 kHz简易RFID阅读器设计 　　摘 要:射频识别技术已广泛应用于生产、生活的众多领域,该技术给人们的生活带来了众多的方便。介绍一种以AVR单片机为核心,并利用分立元件构成的125 kHz RFID阅读器设计,电路结构简单、无需读卡基站芯片、成本极低,用于读取EM4100ID卡,读卡距离可达8~15 cm。同时介绍了EM4100射频ID卡的结构及工作原理,提出一种应用AVR单片机对EM4100卡进行解码的软件设计方法。实验验证了方案的可行性和系统的稳定性,可将其应用于门禁、公交等系统中。 　　关键词:AVR单片机; RFID; 阅读器; EM4100 　　中图分类号:TP368 文献标识码:A 　　文章编号:1004-373X(2010)07-0111-04 　　 　　Design of Simple 125kHz RFID Reader with AVR Single Chip Computer 　　AO Hua1, CHEN Yuan-rui1,2, LUO Zu-guo1, LI Ting1 　　(1. Electric Power College, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; 　　2. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China) 　　Abstract: The technology of radio frequency identification has been widely used in many fields of production and daily life, and it has brought convenience for people. A 125 kHz RFID reader was designed based on AVR microcontroller, which also employed discrete components. The structure of the circuit is very simple, does not need a read base station IC, and has low cost. It is well suitable to the read operation with EM4100 ID card, and its reading distance is about 8~15 cm. The structure and operation principle of EM4100 ID card are introduced. A software design method of adopting AVR microcontroller to decode EM4100 is proposed. The experiment proves the feasibility of the design and the stability of the system. It can be used in many systems such as access control and public transportation. 　　Keywords: AVR microcontroller; RFID; reader; EM4100 　　 　　0 引 言 　　 　　无线射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)是利用感应、电磁场或电磁波为传输手段,完成非接触式双向通信、获取相关数据的一种自动识别技术[1]。该技术完成识别工作时无须人工干预,易于实现自动化且不易损坏,可识别高速运动物体并可同时识别多个射频卡,操作快捷方便,已经得到了广泛的应用。目前存在的一些读卡器,都需要读卡芯片作为基站,成本较高。本文介绍了一种采用分立元件构成的125 kHz RFID阅读器,电路结构简单,成本极低,用于读取EM4100型ID卡。 　　 　　1 RFID系统的分类 　　 　　RFID系统的分类方法有很多,在通常应用中都是根据频率来分,根据不同的工作频率,可将其分为以下四种[2]: 　　(1) 低频(120~135 kHz)。该频段具有很强的场穿透性,使用不受限制,性能不受环境影响,价格低廉,最大识别距离一般小于60 cm,主要应用于门禁、“一卡通”消费管理、车辆管