自己整理的定语从句全面美观例句充实且大部分选自高考真题.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 6 定语从句 概念：在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as 关系副词：when, where, why 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用： 1.连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 eg. I gave her all the money that I had. ①that连接先行词money和定语从句I had; ②that替代money; ③that在定语从句that I had中作宾语 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 A．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。 He who laughs last laughs best. He who plays with fire gets burned. The people (who/whom) I work with are friendly. B．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。 The people (whom/who) I work with are friendly. Mr. Carter, whom/who I spoke to on the phone, is very interested in our plan. Two men, neither of whom/who I had ever seen before, came into my office. C．whose 指人、物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，表示“先行词的” A person whose e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. The old temple whose roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. True friendship is like sound health, whose value is seldom known until it is lost. *whose + n. = the + n. + of which = of which + the + n. eg. 1. Please pass me the book. 2. The book’s cover is green. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. Please pass me the book the cover of which is green. Please pass me the book of which the cover is green. D．which 1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。 As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is named after his grandfather. A friend is a present (which) you give yourself. 2．which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，相当于and this。 Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office. His movie won several awards at the film festival, which was beyond his wildest dream. Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much. E．that 指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 What was the name of the man that lent you the money? The people (th