R134a制冷剂微型直管喷嘴内流动性的可视化研究.docxVIP

论文题目：R134a制冷剂微型直管喷嘴内流动特性的可视化研究 学生姓名：. 指导教师：.. 摘 要 闪蒸喷雾在工业应用中非常广泛，比如内燃机内采用闪蒸喷雾可以提高其工作效率，海水淡化领域中利用闪蒸喷雾原理可以降低能耗，航天飞机中闪蒸喷雾现象在发动机运行和航天员日常生活中也很常见，在激光皮肤医学中的制冷剂闪蒸喷雾冷却也有重要应用。目前对闪蒸喷雾相关研究主要集中在喷嘴外的闪蒸喷雾特性方面，而对喷嘴内的流动特征研究甚少。然而，喷嘴内流动特征对喷雾特性有重要影响，对喷雾喷嘴内流动特性研究十分必要。 本文针对激光皮肤医学中制冷剂闪蒸瞬态喷雾冷却过程，利用课题组搭建的开放式喷雾可视化观察实验台和设计的不同长径比膨胀腔新型直管喷嘴（其膨胀腔长径比分别为1:4，1:2，1:1，2:1，4:1），应用高速摄像仪和大功率LED连续光源，采用背光法（阴影法）拍摄方法，对不同压力（0.8MPa，1.1MPa，1.3MPa，1.5MPa）下不同喷嘴的管内流动状态和对应的管外喷雾特性进行了可视化研究。 通过图像数据分析发现，对于同一个喷嘴的外部雾化，当喷雾压力增大时，其对应的喷雾锥角也随之而增大；随着喷雾压力的增加，其充分雾化时间延后，膨胀腔内部制冷剂液柱发生明显破碎雾化的距离更加接近底部；带膨胀腔的喷嘴和不带膨胀腔的直管喷嘴相比较，由于制冷剂液体在膨胀腔内与喷嘴外分别经历一次闪蒸雾化与二次闪蒸雾化，其喷雾锥角明显小，雾化更加充分，更有利于激光手术时喷雾在皮肤表面的集中，防止周围皮肤组织被冻坏。 关 键 词：R134a；闪蒸喷雾；可视化，喷嘴内部流动；阴影法；喷雾锥角 Title: The Visualization Research of Internal Flow of R134a Two-Phase Flashing Spray in Miniature Nozzle Name: . Supervisor: .. ABSTRACT Flashing spray is widely used in industrial applications，such as fuel injection of combustion engines with improvement of its work efficiency, the use of flashing spray in desalination field with the advantage of reducing energy consumption，cryogenic spray cooling in laser dermatology to protect the epidermis from the thermal injuries due to the absorption of laser energy by melanin. Flashing spray is also relevant for the aerospace engineering, where the high-pressure expands into nearly vacuum environment. At present，the research on flash spray mainly has focused on the spray characteristics outside nozzle，while the flow characteristics within the internal nozzle has been little studied. However，the internal flow inside the nozzle has very important effect on the atomization of the spray. Therefore, the understanding of the internal flow and its relationship with the outside spray become very import issues in the relevant industrial applications. This paper mainly focus on application of flashing spray in the laser dermatology. Based on the previous experimental system of flashing spray, five different new nozzles with the expansion chambers are designed.