Introduction to Spatial Analysis Using GIS精品分析.pptVIP

* EXAMPLE – ADVANCED APPLICATION Recommended Link Chesapeake Bay Mid-Atlantic from Space /mapping/advancedims.asp * EXAMPLE – BASIC Recommended Link WatershedMapper /mapping/watershedmapper.asp * SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT GIS SOFTWARE If you are new to GIS, a low end GIS viewing package or Internet mapping application may be the best way for you to get familiar with GIS Although commercial GIS software packages are expensive, vendors like Environmental Systems Research Institute offer discounted licensing options for classroom/instructional use GIS-based instructional materials are available from a variety of sources * GIS DATA * DIGITAL GEOSPATIAL DATA Data are the “heart” of any geographic information system Data represent the “hidden cost” of any GIS implementation It is not uncommon for government agencies and businesses to spend two-thirds or more of their GIS budgets on converting data from analog (paper) to digital form Digital geospatial data is available in two forms As locally stored data for use with desktop GIS software As a “map service” (a type of Web service that generates maps) that can be used with a special Web browser or desktop GIS software There is a wealth of free, digital geospatial data available today Metadata is the secret to finding digital geospatial data * WHAT IS METADATA? Metadata are data about data According to the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC), metadata … Captures the basic characteristics of digital geospatial data (i.e., the who, what, when, where, why, and how) Includes library catalog elements such as title, abstract, and public date Includes geographic elements such as geographic extent and map projection Includes database elements such as attribute label definitions and values Metadata can help you locate geospatial data by Type of theme (theme) ? what Geography ? where * METADATA PORTALS – FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Recommended Link /wps/portal/gos * METADATA PORTALS – STATE GOVERNMENT Recommended Link Maryland State Geogra