半导体光电子材料与器件之Helios课件-ch4 passive devices.pdf

lecture: Silicon Photonic Devices Prepared by Dries Van Thourhout Ghent University - IMEC Outline The Straight Waveguide The Waveguide Bend The Directional Coupler Star coupler The Multimode Interference Coupler The Y-junction The Mach–Zehnder Interferometer The AWG Silicon Photonics –PhD course prepared within FP7-224312 Helios project 2 Straight Waveguides Etched wire in silicon 450 x 220 nm2 straight loss: 1.84dB/cm (1.55um wavelength) -25 ] -30 B d [ -35 n o i s s -40 i m 450nm s n -45 a r T -50 -1.84 (±0.1) dB/cm 220nm -55 -60 0 5 10 15 20 spiral length [cm] Straight Waveguides Propagation loss in waveguides Interaction light-material → absorption Imperfections in the waveguide → scattering → spatial refractive index variations → rough interfaces Imperfect guiding → radiation → Guided optical power decreases: ( ) −αz P z P e 0 for a uniform distribution of the losses 4 Straight Waveguides Losses by absorption Semiconductors: - + photon hν > Ebandgap: creation of e h pair → wanted in detectors → unwanted in waveguides Choose a material with sufficiently large Ebandgap Silicon: no loss if λ>1.1µm Dielectrics: absorption by molecular and atomic energy transitions