X波段雷达模拟器多模信号产生模块的研制-通信与信息系统专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 摘 要 随着雷达技术的迅速发展，对雷达信号的要求也越来越高，雷达引信呈现出 多样性，而雷达回波信号也具有宽频带、多模式、捷变频、高分辨频率等特点。 但雷达场外测试成本高、周期长、回波参数难以控制，故雷达模拟器应运而生。 本文首先对频率合成技术、雷达引信和雷达模拟器的发展状况做了概述。在 理论分析部分，对雷达回波 信号模型和频综的性能和指标做了简要介绍；对 DDS(Direct Digital Synthesis)技术的原理和性能进行了较为详尽的分析，并对基于 DDS 的几种频率合成技术做了分析和对比。结合线性调频雷达的工作原理，对 DDS 线性扫频对雷达点目标的测距精度和距离分辨率的影响做了理论分析和仿真。 设计首先基于 FPGA（Field－Programmable Gate Array）和 DDS 技术提出了产 生 VHF（Very High Frequency ）复合雷达信号的方案并实现，充分利用 DDS 的高 分辨率、捷变频、可调频等特点，产生精度高且带宽和重复周期可调，工作模式 灵活可控的多模式调制信号（线性调频、三角调频和正弦调频）。结合倍频、混频 实现上变频以及频带展宽，从而研制出一种 X 波段雷达模拟器硬件电路，中心频 率为 8~12 GHz，频带宽度为 0~600 MHz，步进为 1 MHz，扫频重复周期 0~256 us， 步进为 50 ns。FPGA 设计在实现灵活控制的同时，充分展现模块化和面积优化的 思想，便于移植和技术升级；VHF 模块电路杂散小于-75dBc，相噪在频偏 1kHz 处优于-110dBc/Hz。同时，利用 FPGA 产生多种类型可变速率调相码序列，包括巴 克码、L 序列、M 序列以及四相码。本文较为全面的阐述了复合雷达信号模拟器 的方案设计和软硬件实现过程，对同类设计有一定的借鉴价值。 关键词:雷达模拟器，频率合成器，复合雷达信号，FPGA，DDS I ABSTRACT ABSTRACT With the rapid development of radar technology, the demand of radar signals is getting much higher. Radar fuze is diversified and radar echo signals have broadband, multi-mode, fast frequency hopping, high-resolution frequency characteristics. However, the high cost of testing the radar outside, long cycle, radar echo signals’ parameters are difficult to control, so the radar simulator came into being. Firstly, the frequency synthesis technology, radar fuze and radar simulator development were outlined. In the theoretical analysis part, the radar echo signal model and frequency synthesizer performance indicators are briefly introduced, and the principle of DDS technology and performance of a more detailed analysis. Combining the working principle of linear frequency modulation (LFM) radar, the impact of DDS linear sweep signal on the radar point target range accuracy and range resolution has been theoretically analyzed and simulated. The VHF module which is based on FPGA and DDS technology achieves compound radar signals. It has high precision and adjustable bandwidth and period and flexible modes. Combination of frequency multiplying a