“史上最牛钉子户”现象之法律解读-法律· 民法学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 随着我国城市化进程的不断加快，城市周边农村集体土地大量被征用，城市、 农村房屋被大量拆迁，在拆迁过程中，被拆迁户的利益受损随日趋加剧的拆迁矛 盾越来越凸现出来。重庆发生的“史上最牛的钉子户”事件是最典型的例子。由 于行政权力的违法行使，政府既是“公共利益之需”的评判者，又是裁判者，使 得公共利益和个人利益的矛盾变得更加复杂，处理公共利益和个人利益的矛盾冲 突是解决拆迁过程中诸多问题的首要问题。 我国法律包括《宪法》、《民法通则》及 2007 年颁布的《物权法》都规定国 家为了公共利益，可以征收任何土地。但均没有对公共利益作出明确的界定。事 实上公共利益和个人利益也无法作出明确的界定。从而要从公共利益和个人利益 的界定上寻找如何规范行政权力的行使，加强对被拆迁者利益的保护是行不通 的，因而要从制度的设计上化解这一难题。在该制度设计中应强调依法行政，引 进公众参与决策机制、完善拆迁许可听证制度、完善拆迁许可制度，以约束行政 权力的过渡行使，加强对被拆迁人的利益保护，并进一步完善与拆迁相配套的法 律法规，健全政策措施，在此基础上建立配套的、完善的司法救济制度，如此才 是解决此难题的根本途径。 关键词： 房屋拆迁 公共利益 私权保护 II II Abstract The protection of the benefits of the demolished households is becoming a major problem, as the city economic construction speeds up and more and more collectively-owned land of the countryside around the city is expropriated. “The most well-known nails household in history” that happened in Chongqing is a good example. The fact that the government unlawfully utilizes the administrative power, both as the stakeholder and referee, increases the contradiction of the public benefit and the private benefit．And that is the major problem to be solved in the process of demolition. The existing laws including the Constitution，the Civil Law Code，and the Property Right Law(promulgated in 2007)all have the provision that the government has the right to expropriate any land for the benefit of the public，but the demarcation of public benefit remains unclear，which is a hard task，so it is nit feasible to limit the administrative power in that respect．The only way out is to create an effective system, emphasizing administration by law，including: introducing public participation and decision mechanism, improving the demolition permit hearing system, strengthening the benefit protection of the demolished household, introducing some matching rules and regulations and establishing proper judicial relief channels． Key words：the demolition of houses public benefit private benefit 湘潭大学 学位论文原创性声明 本人