水文干扰对不同盐生境下盐地碱蓬影响.docVIP

水文干扰对不同盐生境下盐地碱蓬影响 　　摘要：本试验通过淡水淹和海水淹模拟黄河三角洲地区河水漫灌和海水倒灌两种水文干扰对不同盐生境下盐地碱蓬个体和种群的影响。结果表明：种子萌发期，淡水淹可以提高不同盐生境下盐地碱蓬种子的萌发率和整齐度，而海水淹会降低种子的萌发率。在盐地碱蓬的生长期进行水文干扰会改变各盐生境下植株生物量的分配，而且相同的水文干扰对不同盐生境下盐地碱蓬生物量的影响程度不同：在低土壤盐分下，海水淹和淡水淹会在相同程度上促进干物质的积累；在中度土壤盐分下，淡水淹的促进作用比海水淹明显；在高度土壤盐分下，两种水文干扰作用都不明显。对于盐地碱蓬种群来说，水文干扰都会降低种群密度和种内竞争强度，同时也扩大了盐地碱蓬的种内生态位。此外，水文干扰可以提高低盐分梯度下的盐地碱蓬的生产力。 　　关键词：水文干扰；盐地碱蓬；萌发率；生物量；种群 　　中图分类号：S156.4+3+Q949.745.101 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2015）08-0034-05 　　Abstract Soaked in fresh water and seawater were designed to simulate the river flooding and inwelling to study the effects of hydrological interference on the individuals and population of Suaeda salsa in different saline habitats. The results showed that soaked in fresh water improved the seed germination rate and uniformity，while soaked in seawater reduced the seed germination rate under different salinity. The allocation of plant biomass was changed by hydrological interference in the growth period of S. salsa， and the same hydrological interference had different influence to biomass under different soil salinity. Under low soil salinity，soaked in fresh water and seawater could promote the accumulation of dry matter at the same level； the promoting effect was more obvious when soaked in fresh water than that soaked in seawater under moderate salinity； the promoting effect of the two hydrological interference was not obvious under high soil salinity. The hydrological interference reduced the population density and the intensity of intraspecific competition， and expanded the intraspecific niche of S.salsa. Moreover，hydrological interference could improve the productivity of S. salsa under low soil salinity. 　　Key words Hydrological interference；Suaeda salsa；Germination rate；Biomass；Population 　　黄河三角洲是我国三大河口三角洲之一，黄河三角洲滨海湿地是由黄河水和海水的共同作用而形成[1，2]。由于地形因素使黄河三角洲地区的土壤盐分呈区域状分布：河滩高地、决口扇形地，土壤含盐量均值约为3 g/kg；缓平的低地及洼地是盐分聚集区，往往形成大面积中等或重度盐渍化土壤，含盐量平均值为11.7 g/kg；滨海滩涂地区受高度矿化地下水和海水入侵的影响，土壤含盐量高达30 g/kg以上[3]。此外，黄河三角洲地区年度降水不均，雨季会导致黄河水位升高，河水漫出将