“要X有X”格式研究-汉语言文字学专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 摘要 现代汉语中有一种特殊的格式“要 X 有 X”，例如“要模样有模样”。这种 结构在现代汉语口语中使用频率很高，其在句法、语义、语用和语篇方面显示出 复杂的特点。目前前人对该结构的研究较少。本文从句法功能、语义特征、语用 功能和语篇功能四个方面，对“要 X 有 X”结构进行了全面的分析。 第一章绪论首先确定了研究对象“要 X 有 X”，回顾了前人对“要 X 有 X” 及相关结构的研究。并交代了本文的研究目标、研究思路和研究方法。 第二章从句法方面分析“要 X 有 X”。首先从整体分析该结构在句中充当的 句法成分。“要 X 有 X”可以在单句中充当主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补 语；可以充当句中小句；可以单独成句。接着分析了能进入该格式的“X”，“X” 可以是词，也可以是短语。分析还发现“X”存在不对称的情况。 第三章从语义方面分析“要 X 有 X”，分析了“要”、“有”和“要 X 有 X” 的语义特征。认为该结构具有[+夸张]、[+主观评价义]、[+极性程度义]和[＋强 调义]的语义特征。本文认为“要 X 有 X”格式是构式，有独特的构式义。并进 一步分析了该构式的发展机制和推导机制。最后考察了“要 X 有 X”相似结构的 语义特点。 第四章考察了“要 X 有 X”的语用功能和语篇功能。该结构对语境有顺应性， 是句中的焦点。在不同的语境下语境义不同。最后考察了该构式的语篇功能。认 为“要 X 有 X”既可以出现在语篇的前端，也可以出现在语篇的后端，位置不同， 所起的作用也不同。 关键词:构式；句法；语义；语用；语篇 ii Abstract There is a special structure “Yao X you X ” in modern Chinese, for example, “Yao mu yang you mu yang”. It is frequently used in spoken Chinese. It has complex features in syntax, semantics, pragmatics and discourse. So far, few academics have studies on this structure. We study this solid structure in four aspects: syntax, semantics, pragmatics and discourse. Chapter one is an introductory part. Firstly, we determine the object of this research. Then we introduce the previous research findings. After that, the objective, methodology and procedures of this research are described. Second chapter studies the syntactic function of the structure “Yao X you X”. Firstly, the detailed analyses of this structure are carried out. “Yao X you X” can act as a subject, an object, a predicate, an attributive, an adverbial and also a complement. It can also work as a clause in a sentence, and even be a sentence itself. Then we study the part “X” and the categeries of “X”. “X” can be a word or a phrase. We also find out that there is an existence of asymmetry of “X”. In the third chapter, we analyze this structure at the semantic point, and also the semantic feature of “ Yao”, “You” and “Yao X you X”. We consider that it has a meaning of exaggerations, subjective evaluations, polarity and emphasize. An