浅析砼结构的裂缝成因及控制方法n0kfcqbu.docVIP

浅析砼结构的裂缝成因及控制方法 目 录 摘要·························································································2 引言·····················································································2 砼裂缝产生的主要原因····························································2 2.1砼使用材料方面的原因························································2 2.2砼施工方面的因素······························································3 2.3设计原因···········································································4 2.4环境和使用原因··································································4 2.5其他各种原因·····································································4 砼裂缝的控制措施···································································4 3.1材料选择和混凝土配合比设计方面·········································4 3.2现场操作方面·····································································5 3.3设计方面···········································································6 3.4环境和使用方面··································································6 砼裂缝的处理方法···································································7 4.1表面修补法········································································7 4.2内部修补法········································································8 4.3结构加固法········································································8 结论·····················································································8 摘 要 近些年来，在钢筋混凝土结构领域，一个相当普遍的质量问题就是砼结构的裂缝问题。裂缝是不可避免的，且有日趋增多的趋势。实际工程中影响砼裂缝的因素很复杂，往往是几种因素共同作用造成的。正确判断和分析砼裂缝的成因是有效地控制和减少砼裂缝产生的最有效的途径。因此，砼裂缝控制必须通过设计、施工、材料生产等单位的共同努力，运用合理的综合技术措施将裂缝控制在无害范围内。 关键词：砼 裂缝 原因 控制 1.引言 钢筋砼是在19世纪中叶开始得到应用的，时至今日，已成为现代工程建设中应用最广泛的建筑材料。近年来，我国基础建设得到迅猛发展，各地兴建了大量的混凝土建筑。在建筑物的建造和使用过程中，有关因砼出现裂缝而影响工程质量甚至导致结构垮塌的报道屡见不鲜。砼裂缝可以说是“常发病”和“多发病”，经常困扰着工程技术人员。砼裂缝从外观可分成微观裂缝和宏观裂缝两大类。微观裂缝是指肉眼看不到的、砼内部固有的一种裂缝，它是不连贯的。宽度一般在0.05mm以下。这种水泥砼本身固有的微观裂缝，在荷载不超过设计规定的条件下，一般视为无害。宏观裂缝宽度在0.05mm以上，并且认为宽度小于0.2~0.3mm的裂缝是无害的，但这里必须有个前提，即裂缝不再扩展，为最终宽度。其实，如果采取一定的设