施氮量对小麦耗水特性和产量影响.docVIP

施氮量对小麦耗水特性和产量影响 　　摘要：在2012-2013年度和2013-2014年度两个小麦生长季，以强筋小麦济麦20为供试材料，设置4个施氮量处理，即0 （N0）、180（N1）、210 （N2）、240 kg/hm2（N3），研究施氮量对小麦耗水特性和产量的影响。结果表明：（1） 施氮量由零增加到240 kg/hm2，拔节期灌溉前土壤相对含水量显著降低，拔节期灌水量显著增加，总灌水量亦呈增加趋势。（2） N2处理的总耗水量显著高于N0和N1处理，与N3处理无显著差异，其土壤贮水消耗量及占总耗水量的比例均较高，140～200 cm土层土壤贮水消耗较多，利于土壤深层水的利用。（3） N2处理的小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率显著高于其他处理，是兼顾产量和水分利用效率的适宜施氮量。 　　关键词：施氮量；小麦；土壤贮水消耗量；水分利用效率；籽粒产量 　　中图分类号：S512.106.2 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2015）01-0051-05 　　Abstract In order to study the effects of nitrogen application rate on water consumption characteristics and yield of strong gluten wheat Jimai 20， four treatments， 0 （N0）， 180 （N1）， 210 kg/hm2 （N2） and 240 kg/hm2 （N3）， were designed under field conditions in wheat growing season of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate from 0 to 240 kg/hm2， the soil relative water content before irrigation at jointing stage was significantly decreased， the irrigation amount at jointing stage was significantly increased and total irrigation amount also showed an upward tendency. Total water consumption of N2 treatment was significantly higher than those of N0 and N1 treatment， and had no significant difference with that of N3 treatment. N2 treatment also had higher soil water consumption and higher ratio to total water consumption. The soil water consumption of N2 treatment in 140～200 cm soil layer was higher than those of other treatments， which indicated that N2 was conducive to the use of water in deep soil layers. The grain yield and water use efficiency of N2 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments， thus N2 treatment was the optimum nitrogen application rate. 　　Key words Nitrogen application rate； Wheat； Soil water consumption； Water use efficiency； Grain yield 　　有研究表明，适量施氮可以获得较高的产量，提高水分利用效率[1]。在小麦拔节期和开花期分别灌水60 mm条件下，施氮量192 kg/hm2的籽粒产量较270 kg/hm2处理增加404.54 kg/hm2[2]。小麦全生育期灌水量为282.0 mm时，施氮量150 kg/hm2的水分利用效率较施氮量90 kg/hm2的处理低0.63 kg/（hm2?mm）。本试验采用测墒补灌的方法，研究施氮量对