施肥与化控对花生产量与经济效益影响.docVIP

施肥与化控对花生产量与经济效益影响 　　摘要： 　　以高产优质大花生主推品种湘花2008为材料，在底施不同肥料的基础上，设置苗期追施尿素、花针期喷施多效唑化控的田间小区试验。结果表明，播前施基肥、苗期追施尿素、花针期喷施多效唑等均会延长花生全生育期。株高随着施氮量的增加而增高，喷施多效唑会抑制植株生长，降低株高。湘花2008分枝力较强，苗期追施尿素对花生的分枝力有明显的促进作用。适当增施化肥或化控有较好的增产效果和经济效益。其中A处理即666.7m2底施25%氮磷钾复合肥50 kg +苗期追施尿素10 kg +花针期喷施多效唑30 g荚果产量最高，达339.8 kg，比不施肥对照增产50.75%，经济效益最好；B、C处理减氮钾肥，增钙镁肥，分别比对照增产40.02%和33.76%；D处理为一次性施肥，增产亦达30.92%。A、B、C、D处理纯收入较高，分别比对照高81.29%、70.69%、63.29%、52.77%。 　　关键词：花生；施肥；化控；经济效益；产量 　　中图分类号：S565.206.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2015）03-0059-04 　　Influences of Fertilization and Chemical Treatment 　　on Yield and Economic Benefit of Peanut 　　Wang Jing1， Liu Dengwang2， Li Lin2*， Wang Jianguo2， Ma Jie1， Tan Hongjiao1， Xiao Mi1 　　（1.College of Bioscience and Biotechnology， Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha 410128，China； 　　2.Upland Crop Research Institute， Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha 410128，China） 　　AbstractThe field plot test was conducted with high-yielding and good-quality peanut cultivar Xianghua 2008 as material. Based on the basal application of different fertilizers， topdressing urea at seedling stage and spraying paclobutrazol at pegging stage were set in the test. The results showed that basal fertilization before seeding， topdressing urea at seedling stage and spraying paclobutrazol at pegging stage all could prolong the peanut growth period. The plant height increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Spraying paclobutrazol could inhibit peanut plant growth， and decrease the plant height. Xianghua 2008 had stronger branchiness， and topdressing urea at seedling stage had obvious promoting effect on peanut branchiness. Appropriately increasing chemical fertilizer or chemical treatment had better yield increasing effect and economic benefit. The treatment A， that is to say， basal application of 50 kg 25% NPK compound fertilizer， topdressing 10 kg urea at seedling stage and spraying 30 g paclobutrazol at pegging stage per 666.7m2， could obtain the highest pod yield as 339.8 kg，