施肥对农田杂草生理生态及群落形成影响综述.docVIP

施肥对农田杂草生理生态及群落形成影响综述 　　摘要：本文综述了施肥对农田杂草群落及土壤杂草种子库的影响，并探讨施肥可显著改变农田杂草发生的原因，论证合理的施肥能改善作物与杂草之间的关系，有效控制一些恶性杂草的发生，保持生物多样性。梳理了农田杂草研究的一些新的发展方向，并认为农业生态系统中施肥对杂草群落的演替、优势杂草种群的确定及其生理生态和遗传进化规律的影响是今后研究的重点和难点。 　　关键词：施肥；农田杂草；杂草种子库；生物多样性；杂草综合治理 　　中图分类号：S451文献标志码：A文章编号：1003-935X（2016）04-0001-06[KH+7mmD] 　　Effects of Fertilization on Eco-Physiology and Community [JZ]Formation of Weed in Croplands：a Review 　　[KH+7mmD][WT5BZ][JZ（]JIANG Min，HUANG Niansheng，ZHANG Xiaoxiang，LI Yuhong，WU Yunyu，LI Aihong 　　[WT5”BZ]（Lixiahe Region Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province/Yangzhou Comprehensive Test Station of National Industrial Technology System in Rice/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops，Yangzhou University，Yangzhou 225007，China） 　　[JZ）][KH+7mmD][WT5”HZ]Abstract： 　　[WT5”BZ]This article reviews the characteristics of the weed community under diverse fertilization and explored the impact of farmland nutrient habitats on its density and diversity. The present study explored the structural characteristics of the weed community，the diversity index，and the primary environment-impacting factors under different conditions of fertilization and provides insight for the ecological management of farmland weeds. Recent public attitude towards the use of herbicides and environmental safety has placed increased emphasis on development of ecology-based weed management systems. Taking into account current progresses in the study on weed community，the author proposes some new perspectives for future research，particularly the determination of dominant weed species and their physiological，biological and genetic evolution in agro-ecosystems that can be the critical and basic process for further research. 　　[WT5”HZ]Key words： 　　[WT5”BZ]fertilization；farmland weed；weed seedbank；biodiversity；comprehensive weed management 　　收稿日期：2016-07-15 　　基金项目：江苏省扬州市自然科学基金面上项目（编号：YZ2015086）；江苏省扬州市科技计划（编号：YZ2016032）。 　　作者简介：蒋敏（1986―），男，博士，助理研究员，主要?氖滤?稻栽培及农业生态研究。E-mai