（毕业设计论文）《内燃机消声器性能试验台的设计》.doc

内燃机消声器性能试验台设计 摘 要 作为内燃机降噪的有效手段，排气消声器已被广泛地采用，如何合理有效地设计满足特定条件的消声器己成为被广泛研究的课题。然而，目前与消声器的理论研究相配套的试验设施还不够完善，设计出的消声器还必须到现场配机试验，浪费大量物力和人力。设计并建造一种用于内燃机排气消声器声学和气动性能试验研究的台架意义重大。本文即在这种背景下展开试验台的设计与实施工作：首先根据现场条件和对台架性能的要求，提出并探讨几种试验台的布置与组成方案，并最终选出较优的一个；然后根据总体布置方案确定各组成部分的具体结构，并用三维软件模拟试验台的搭建。台架以一个高压离心风机作为气流源，可满足试验台架流量和阻力损失的要求，流量由变频仪调节电机转速来控制。台架采用白噪声信号发生仪及两只喇叭来产生噪声，并由功率放大器来放大噪声，从而模拟内燃机工作时产生的噪声。台架的测量系统设计合理，可实现管道内流体参数和消声器参数的准确测量，满足了试验分析的要求。同时还测量了试验台在不同工况下的振动和噪声数据，为全面评估试验台的整体性能提供了相应数据。为了降低风机系统产生的噪声对待测消声器测试结果的影响，分别在风机进、排气口加装了风机消声器。其中，排气消声器由主要在低频消声的抗性消声器和主要在中高频消声的阻性消声器两部分组成。从而有效地实现了气流源的低噪声。为了降低声波在消声器末端反射对待测消声器测试结果的影响，实验台架中设计了消声末端。理论上，性能良好的消声末端可以完全吸收所有的声波，包括入射声波和反射声波，因而性能良好的消声末端的阻抗等于特性阻抗，吸声系数等于 1。所以，在设计消声末端过程中严格按照相关要求来设计和加工，做出了性能良好的消声末端。初步的理论分析结果表明:该台架气体流量范围2-8m3/s，控制精度在士5%；连续工况间调节时间在5分钟以内。可以满足2000kW以下内燃机用多种类型消声器的试验要求。 THE DESIGN OF TEST BED ABOUT SILENCER PERFORMANCE OF COMBUSTION ENGINE ABSTRACT As an effective method of reducing the noise of combustion engines, exhaust silencers have been used widely. How to design the silencers according to special situations, reasonably and efficiently, has been studied widely. But the test facilities for the theoretical analysis of silencers are not enough in present. And silencers have to be studied by field test, which spends too much with respect to money and labor. It is significant to design and build a test bed for the acoustics and dynamics performance study of marine diesel engine exhaust silencers. So that job is done under all the above background in this paper. First, several projects laid according to the test bed’s performance requirements and the field conditions are given and discussed about the disposal and construction of the test bed, and then a better one is chosen. Second, the detailed structures of each part of the test bed are introduced, and analog set up the test bed with 3d software. One high pressure centrifugal fan is used to generate wind. It can satisfy the requ