国内CO2的排放量相对于1990年减少20%英国气候变化项目UK.pptVIP

UK Climate Change LevyAddressing Industrial Efficiency英国气候变化税与工业能效 英国气候变化项目 UK Climate Change Program 英国气候变化项目 UK Climate Change Program 针对工业和商业的项目 Programs Aimed at Industry and Business 气候变化税 Climate Change Levy Introduced in 2001 Adds about 10-15% to fuel bills Exemptions for renewable sources and CHP Most companies could save the cost of the levy by simple better management, without investment But, for non-energy intensive sectors, the costs of energy are too low to incentivise this action 气候变化税Climate Change Levy 气候变化税—“中性税收” Climate Change Levy – “Revenue Neutral” Most western governments want environmental taxes to be seen as a good thing to protect the planet, not a way of raising money In the UK, revenues from the levy are returned to industry through a ： 气候变化税- “税收中立” Climate Change Levy – “Revenue Neutral” 0.3% reduction in the rate of employer’s National Insurance Contributions, funding of the Carbon Trust ( a public benefit fund) and reductions or exemptions for meeting targets or switching to renewables or cogeneration. 碳基金 Carbon Trust Part of the CCL “package” Business can claim 100% tax allowances on their capital spending on energy saving equipment (specified in a government list) against their taxable profits 气候变化协议 Climate Change Agreements 气候变化协议Climate Change Agreements Actual savings 2002 – target 1.6MtC – performance 4.4 MtC 2004 – target 1.5MtC – performance 3.9 MtC 气候变化协议如何产生了这些影响？ How did the CCAs produce this response? Crucial link between the levy and the agreements CCAs were not a simple price signal To get the discount on the tax, the companies HAD to take action and report the results The same companies had not responded to 25 years of energy efficiency advice programmes. 企业如何能实现目标？ Why did industry beat the targets? Industry genuinely believed they were energy efficient prior to initiation of CCAs But, for first time, company Finance Directors took interest because a tax reducti