生物炭与有机无机肥配施对烟草和土壤汞含量及保护酶活性影响.docVIP

生物炭与有机无机肥配施对烟草和土壤汞含量及保护酶活性影响 　　摘要：盆栽条件下，研究了生物炭与有机无机肥配施对烟草生育期内干物质积累量、烟草和土壤重金属汞含量、烟株根系土壤pH、烟草保护酶活性的影响。结果表明：（1）生物炭与低量有机肥（70%氮磷钾复合肥+30%芝麻饼肥）配施一定程度地增加了烟草生育期干物质积累量；烟草成熟期根、茎、叶干物质量较未施肥处理增加363.77%、32.10%、136.22%，根干物质量生物炭与低量有机肥配施较未添加生物炭的增加47.01%。（2）高量有机肥（70%）处理烟株和土壤重金属含量较高，低量和中量有机肥（50%）配施较低，成熟期时重金属含量表现为根茎下部叶中部叶上部叶，生物炭与低量有机无机肥配施与低量有机无机肥施用相比，烟草根、茎、叶以及根际土壤汞含量降低21.81%、10.64%、18.00%、12.50%。 （3）生物炭与低量有机肥配施生育期内pH提升幅度不大，成熟期显著提高了烟叶SOD、CAT活性。综上所述，汞胁迫下生物炭和低量有机肥配施既能有效降低汞对烟草的危害，抑制烟草对汞的富集，提高烟叶的保护酶活性，还能够增加土壤有机质含量，提高土壤养分的有效性和肥料的利用率，促进烟叶生长。 　　关键词：烟叶；土壤汞胁迫；生物炭；有机肥；干物质积累量；土壤pH；保护酶活性 　　中图分类号：S572.01文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）08-0074-06 　　AbstractThe effects of combined application of biochar and organic-inorganic fertilizers on accumulation of dry matter of tobacco， content of mercury （Hg） in tobacco and soil， soil pH of root rhizosphere， activity of protective enzymes in tobacco were studied through pot tests. The results were as follows. ① The combined application of biochar and low amount of organic fertilizer （70% NPK compound fertilizer + 30% sesame cake fertilizer） could increase the accumulation of dry matter of tobacco in a certain content； the amount of dry matter of roots， stem and leaves increased by 363.77%， 32.10% and 136.22% compared with no fertilization； the dry matter of roots increased by 47.01% compared with the application of only low amount of organic-inorganic fertilizer. ② The content of Hg in tobacco and soil was higher under the treatment of high amount of organic fertilizer （70%）， while that was lower under medium and lower amount of organic fertilizer； the content of Hg at mature stage showed rootsstemslower leavesmiddle leavesupper leaves； compared with the application of only low amount of organic-inorganic fertilizer， the content of Hg in roots， stems， leaves and rhizosphere soils decreased by 21.81%， 10.64%， 18.00% and 12.50% under the combined application of biochar and low amount of organic fertilizer. ③ Under the combined application of biochar and low amou