石灰氮―花生壳闷棚技术对设施土壤生物及黄瓜产量影响.docVIP

石灰氮―花生壳闷棚技术对设施土壤生物及黄瓜产量影响 　　摘要：为研究设施菜地施用石灰氮-花生壳对土壤改良及作物产量的影响，在设施黄瓜休闲期设置对照（处理1）、施花生壳（处理2）、施石灰氮-花生壳覆膜闷棚（处理3）三个处理，考察不同时期设施土壤微生物、根结线虫数量及黄瓜产量。 结果表明，在田闲期应用石灰氮-花生壳高温闷棚技术，改变了设施黄瓜根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量结构，在第二茬春季黄瓜旺长期处理2和处理3土壤根际细菌数量分别为对照处理的1.66 倍和1.27 倍，放线菌的数量为对照处理的3.35 倍和4.20 倍；临近黄瓜拉秧时，两处理根际土壤细菌数量分别为对照的1.88 倍和1.24 倍，差异均达显著水平；处理2和处理3土壤细菌/真菌（B/F）、放线菌/真菌（A/F）比值较对照增大，表明土壤生物性质得到改善。在第一茬黄瓜拉秧时，处理2和处理3土壤线虫数量仅为对照的12.9%和10.4%；第二茬黄瓜拉秧时，两处理土壤线虫数量分别为对照的22.5%和16.4%，土壤中根结线虫的数量大大减少。施用花生壳和石灰氮-花生壳处理黄瓜产量连续两茬较对照增产，幅度达34.0%～53.0%。 　　关键词：石灰氮-花生壳；土壤微生物；根结线虫；黄瓜产量 　　中图分类号：S158文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）01-0091-04 　　Abstract In order to research the application effects of calcium cyanamide and peanut shell on soil improvement and crop yield in greenhouse， the soil microorganisms and root-knot nematode amounts and cucumber yield were studied under three treatments including CK （T1）， application peanut shell （T2）， close plastic shed with calcium cyanamide and peanut shell （T3） during fallow period. The results showed that close plastic shed with calcium cyanamide and peanut shell changed the number and structure of rhizosphere soil microorganisms of greenhouse cucumber during fallow period； in the fast growth period of the second crop of spring cucumber， the amounts of rhizosphere bacteria under T2 and T3 were 1.66 and 1.27 times of that under T1， while that of actinomycetes were 3.35 and 4.20 times，respectively； the amounts of bacteria in rhizosphere soil were 1.88 and 1.24 times of that under T1 respectively in the end of cucumber harvest season， and the differences between them were significant； the ratios of B/F （bacteria/fungi） and A/F （actinomycetes/fungi） under T2 and T3 increased compared with CK， which showed the biological properties of soil were improved. The amount of soil root-knot nematode of T2 and T3 were 12.9% and 10.4% of that of T1 in the end of the first cucumber harvest， and 22.5% and 16.4% of that of T1 in the end of the second harvest， so the soil root-knot nematode reduced greatly.