it governance IT治理 IT管理 IT管理框架.ppt

Formal communications (cont.) More communication = more effective governance Well-designed, well-understood and transparent mechanism UPS? 4?? ???? ?? ???? An IT steering committee An IT governance committee A formal “charter” process An escalation process These four mechanisms clarify processes and accountabilities so that individuals throughout the company can make decisions that result in desirable behavior as defined at UPS. * * / 43 How Top Performers Govern * * / 43 There is no single best model of IT governance. Governance arrangements can vary from more centralized approaches to more decentralized approaches. Effective IT governance should be evident in business-performance metrics. Top-performing companies govern significantly differently from other companies. * * / 43 Centralized Approaches and Profitability The most profitable companies tend to be centralized in their approach to IT governance. Their strategies emphasize efficient operations. Low business costs A high degree of standardization Key mechanisms include Executive committees for decision making Centralized processes for architecture Enterprisewide IT investment decision processes Formal post-implementation assessments of IT-related projects * * / 43 Centralized Approaches and … (cont.) UNICEF Its emphasis on cost-effectiveness and rapid organizational learning Before, IT at UNICEF supported administrative tasks at HQ, but the field offices. In the mid-1990s, the organization equipped remote locations with IT services. The result was improved global knowledge, information flow, transparency and communication. * * / 43 Decentralized Approaches and Growth The fastest-growing companies are focused on innovation and time to market. They insist on local accountability. Maximizing responsiveness to local customer needs Minimizing constraints on creativity and business unit autonomy Manheim Auctions: B2B car auctions In the late 1990s, Manheim introduced online auction capabilities. Manheim