化学专业英语4月11号作业.pptVIP

Electron Sharing in Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds in Compounds 构象（Confromation） 分子中原子的结构; 形（Configuration） intermolecular 分子之间的 intramolecular 分子内的 (1) l0alcohol unstable intermediate aldehyde carboxylic acid (2) 20alcohol unstable intermediate ketone The above reaction involve the C—H bond. 什么是氧化反应? Gain of oxygen Loss of hydrogen 什么是还原反应? Gain of hydrogen Loss of oxygen 硼氢化-氧化反应 * * H H Shared electrons The shared electron pair spends most of the time between the two nuclei. e- e- Attraction between oppositely charged nuclei and shared electrons ( _____________ in nature) 静电 Overlapping of atomic orbitals ? covalent bond formation Some Examples Carbon 1s 2s 2p All the above examples obey ____________. 八偶体规则 Formation of Covalent Bonds The conversion of alcohols into carbonyl compounds is an important reaction of primary and secondary alcohols, and is one of many examples in organic chemistry of oxidation. In the last section, we recognized that conversion of an alcohol to a ketone is an oxidation because it is brought about By the reduction of Cr. Oxidation and Reduction in Organic Chemistry 上述反应均有C-H键的参与。 Our Goal in this section is to be able to recognize an oxidation or reduction merely by examining the transformation of the organic compound itself. The procedure for doing this involves three steps. Oxidation and Reduction in Organic Chemistry Step1: Assign an oxidation level The oxidation level of a particular carbon is assigned by considering the relative electro negativities of the groups bound to the carbon, as follows. Oxidation and Reduction in Organic Chemistry Step1: Assign an oxidation level For every bond to an element less electro negativities than carbon (including hydrogen), and for every negative charge on carbon, assign a -1. (b) For every bond to another carbon atom, and for every Unpaired electron on the carbon, assign a zero. (c) For every bond to an element more electro ne