03-行为天性与教养.ppt

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY  Chapter 3 Nature, Nurture and Human Diversity Genes: Our Biological Blueprint Chromosomes threadlike structures made of DNA that contain the genes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes has two strands-forming a “double helix”--held together by bonds between pairs of nucleotides Genes: Our Biological Blueprint Genes biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein Genome the complete instructions for making an organism consisting of all the genetic material in its chromosomes Genes: Their Location and Composition Nucleus Chromosome Gene Cell DNA Evolutionary Psychology Natural Selection the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations Mutations random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of nucleotides the source of all genetic diversity Evolutionary Psychology Evolutionary Psychology the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using the principles of natural selection Gender in psychology, the characteristics, whether biologically or socially influenced, by which people define male and female Evolutionary Psychology Men preferred attractive physical features suggesting youth and health Women preferred resources and social status Behavior Genetics Behavior Genetics study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior Environment every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us Behavior Genetics Identical Twins develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms Fraternal Twins develop from separate eggs genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share the fetal environment Identical twins Fraternal twins