通信与电子信息工程专业英语第5单元TEXT-AB.ppt

Unit 5 Computer network Text A LAN Unit 5 LAN During the 1980s, PCs became ubiquitous in all organizations. Every executive started having his own PC for automation of individual activities. 在十九世纪八十年代，个人电脑（PC）在所有的机构里都变得非常普遍。每个中高级管理者都开始使用自己的个人电脑进行个人自动化办公。 Unit 5 LAN The need arose for sharing information within the organization—sending messages, sharing files and databases, and so forth. Whether the organization is located in one building or spread over a large campus, the need for networking the computers cannot be overemphasized. 组织内部共享信息的需求，如发送信息，共享文件和数据库等这样的需求开始增长。不管该机构设在一个大楼内部，或蔓延在一个很大的校园，计算机组网的需求十分正常。 Unit 5 LAN Today , we hardly find a computer that is not networked. A local area network (LAN) interconnects computers over small distances up to about 10 kilometers. 如今，已经很难找到一台没有联网的计算机。局域网（LAN）可以互联距离多达10千米以上的计算机。 Unit 5 LAN In this chapter, we will study the various configurations, technologies, protocols, and standards of LANs. 在这一章中，我们将研究局域网的各种配置，技术，协议以及标准。 Unit 5 LAN In 1978, Xerox Corporation, Intel Corporation, and Digital Equipment Corporation standardized Ethernet. 1978年，施乐（Xerox）集团、英特尔（Intel）集团以及数字设备（Digital Equipment）集团制定了以太网标准。 Unit 5 LAN This has become the most popular LAN standard. IEEE released a compatible standard, IEEE 802.3. 这个标准成为了最为著名的局域网标准。电气与电子工程师协会(IEEE) 发行了一个适配标准，IEEE 802.3。 Unit 5 LAN The cable, called the Ether, is a coaxial cable of 1/2 inch diameter and up to 500 meters long. A resistor is added between the center wire and the shield at each end of the cable to avoid reflection of the electrical signal. 电缆，又称为以太，是直径为半英寸最长可达500米长的同轴电缆。为了避免电信号反射，在电缆两头的中心线和屏蔽层之间加上了电阻。 Unit 5 LAN The cable is connected to a transceiver (transmitter and receiver )whose job is to transmit the signals onto the Ether and also to sense the Ether for the presence of the signals. 该电缆连接到收发机（发设机和接收机），其任务是将信号传送到以太上并检测以太上的信号。 Unit 5 LAN The transceiver is connected through a transceiver cable (also called attachment unit interface cable) to a ne