语音学 (uit 5 Done).pptVIP

Unit Five Vowels: Front Vowels Central Vowels Homework (P.46) Pronunciation in Communicationgetting information (Two groups) Introduction Introduction There are 20 vowels in English, among which 12 are pure vowels and 8 are diphthongs. The English pure vowels can be classified according to 1) the height of the raised part of the tongue 2) the part of the tongue raised 3) the position of the lips, i.e. whether they are rounded or unrounded 三个因素： 1)舌头在口腔中位置的高低， 2)牙床张开的大小，即张口程度是合、半合、还是开； 3)唇形，发音时唇形是扁平还是圆唇。 单元音可按发音时舌头前、中、后哪一部分抬得最高而分成三类：一是前元音，二是中元音，三是后元音 Four front vowels The reason these are called front vowels is that the tongue body is shifted forward, causing the vowels to be produced in the front of the mouth.  /i:/ and /i/ 发音要领: /i:/的发音与汉语的“衣”发音有点相似，发音时牙床近于全合，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬得很高，升向硬腭，双唇扁平。 /i:/与汉语中“衣”的发音不同之处在于：汉语“衣”在发音时舌前与硬腭之间的距离更窄一些，且有轻微的摩擦。大部分中国学生对发好/i:/这个音都有很大的把握。 第二号元音/i/的学习则给大家带来很大的挑战，不少人将/i/看作是/i:/的短元音：发音时舌位相同，只是将其发作短音。其实，/i:/与/i/的区别主要不在其长短，更重要的是质的不同，即发音时发音器官的位置不同。 /i:/ and /i/ 发音区别: 首先是发/i/时舌在口腔中的位置比发/i:/时要低一些。也就是说/i:/在发音时牙床近于全合，而/i/则属半合。 其次，发/i/时，舌头抬高的最高点要比/i:/更靠后一些，因而口腔中形成的气流通道也更宽一些。此外，在发音时/i:/的双唇呈扁平状，口腔肌内紧张，而/i/的双唇形式居扁平与中常之间，口腔肌内较为放松。掌握好以上区别，对发好这两个音极为重要。 元音 /i:/ Producing sound The vowel /i:/ sound is made by opening the mouth and lowering the bottom lip. The teeth are just barely apart, with more of the bottom than the top front teeth shown. The sides of the tongue touch all of the back teeth. /i:/ Dialogue “In a Restaurant” Peter: What are you having to eat, Lee? Lee: I’ll have a roast beef sandwich. And some tea. Peter: Steve, would you like a cheese sandwich or a roast beef sandwich? Waitress: Yes? Peter: We’d like one roast beef sandwich and two cheeses sandwiches. Waitress: And would you like coffee or tea? Peter: Three teas, please. Steve: Make that two teas. Coffee for me, please. Waitress: One roast beef sandwich … two cheese sandwiches … two teas … one coffee. /i:/Practice Words Listen and repeat each word twice. beef