臂尾轮虫种群遗传多样性及种间系统关系研究-生态学专业论文.docxVIP

II II 果表明，春季种群和夏季种群在遗传上具有较大的差异；镜湖萼花臂尾轮 虫种群存在着明显的季节更替，而 Su2 克隆可能为春季和夏季种群间的过 渡。 3、通过对剪形臂尾轮虫（B. forficula）、矩形臂尾轮虫（B. leydigi）、十 指臂尾轮虫（B. patulus）、红臂尾轮虫（B. rubens）、双棘臂尾轮虫(B. bidebntata)、裂足臂尾轮虫(B. diversicornis)、角突臂尾轮虫和萼花臂尾轮虫 等八种臂尾轮虫 rDNA ITS 1 序列分析，并以西氏晶囊轮虫（Asplanchna sieboldi）为外群，使用 MEGA 软件构建臂尾轮属轮虫系统发生树（MP 树 和 NJ 树），以探讨臂尾轮属的系统发生关系，并解决其中的一些分类问题。 结果表明，本研究所涉及的轮虫 rDNA ITS 1 序列差异百分比较高，为 29.59%；海水和淡水臂尾轮虫被明显分为不同的进化枝；在淡水臂尾轮虫 中营浮游生活和营附着生活的种类互为姐妹群，这与以形态特征为主所进 行的系统发生研究结果基本一致；两系统树均支持将十指臂尾轮虫作为一 个独立的支系分离出来；裂足臂尾轮虫应归入臂尾轮属。在海水轮虫支系 中，B. plicatilis、B. ibericus 和 B. rotundiformis 各单元型聚合为不同的进化 枝，说明其应属于不同的种，支持 B. plicatilis 复合种的观点。 关键词：臂尾轮属；角突臂尾轮虫；萼花臂尾轮虫；居群 季节种群； RAPD 遗传距离；ITS 1；系统发生 PAGE PAGE IV Genetic diversity of Brachionus populations and phylogenetic relationships among Brachionus species Abstract Rotifer is a group of globally widespread zooplankton, B. angularis and B. calyciflorus are common species in freshwater, and have important status in material cycle and energy transportation in freshwater ecosystem, and applied value in aquaculture and environmental monitoring. In this study, the genetic diversity of three strains of B. angularis collected respectively from Guangzhou, Wuhu and Qingdao of China, and different seasonal populations of B. calyciflorus from Lake Jinghu in Wuhu City were analyzed using molecular marker technique, and the nucleotide sequences of eight Brachionus species were analyzed and the phylogenetic tree of Brachionus was constructed using MEGA software. The main contents and results were presented as followings: Genetic diversity of three strains of B. angularis collected respectively from Guangzhou, Wuhu and Qingdao of China was analyzed using RAPD method, and the NJ dendrogram of B. angularis was constructed by clustering the amplified bands and based on the index of genetic distance. Thirteen primers that produced repeatable and discernable bands were chosen from 44 random primers. Among the total of 190 loci detected, 171 loci (90%