生物化学-Chap4-nucleic-acid.pptVIP

Chap 4 Nucleoside （核苷）, nucleotide（核苷酸） and nucleic acid （核酸） DNA and RNA structure Some properties of DNA/RNA In 1944, genetic transmission of characteristics ( 生物遗传性状的物质基础) In 1953, double helix structure of DNA Waston-Crick model (DNA双螺旋结构) In 1960， central principle for genetic transmission (遗传信息传递的中心法则) In 1944，Avery finished the experiment of transmission in vitro Section 1 Compositions Element C H O N P Molecular compositions bases pentose phosphoric acid Bases Purines (嘌呤碱) ：A，G Pyrimidines（嘧啶碱）C, U, T cytosine (C，胞嘧啶) Pentose Ribose (核糖) Classification DNA karyon (细胞核) ； RNA cytosol (细胞质) rRNA (核糖体RNA) :80%，components of ribosome mRNA (信使RNA): 5％, carrier of genetic information tRNA (转运RNA): 15％, to transfer AA DNA and RNA Structure of nucleosides and nucleotides Structure of nucleosides Bases are linked with the 1’st carbon atom of pentose （nucleosides 核苷） nucleosides dA （脱氧腺苷/腺嘌呤脱氧核苷） nucleotides dAMP （脱氧腺嘌呤单核苷酸） dADP （脱氧腺嘌呤核苷二磷酸） dATP （脱氧腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸） types of nucleosides and nucleotides Nucleosides DNA: dA dG dC dT RNA: A G C U Nucleotides DNA: dAMP dGMP dCMP dTMP RNA: AMP GMP CMP UMP Section 2 DNA structure Primary structure Secondary structure Tertiary structure Primary structure 3’-5’phosphodiester bond (3’-5’磷酸二酯键) the phosphate attaching to the hydroxyl group at the 5’ position of the sugar is in turn bonded to the hydroxyl group on the 3’ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide. 3’ end / 5’ end （3’端/5‘端） Conventions for writing DNA strand …AGT… …pApGpT… …pA-G-T… Structure points of primary structure of DNA 3’5’phosphodiester bond DNA sequence : different base sequence coding for different proteins / different genetic messages