都龙矿区土壤与植物镉锌污染研究.docVIP

都龙矿区土壤与植物镉锌污染研究 　　摘要对受Cd、Zn污染的小白河流域河流底泥、尾矿土、水稻土壤及植物进行采样分析,结果表明:底泥、尾矿土、水稻土已受到Cd的严重污染,底泥和水稻土Zn含量已超出二级土壤环境质量标准。利用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对小白河流域土壤重金属生态危害评价,表明各采样点的重金属污染潜在生态危害都很强,主要原因是Cd含量过高。生长在土壤污染区的植物Cd、Zn含量显著较高,即植物在土壤污染区受污染严重,应采取措施对污染区域进行综合防治。 　　关键词镉污染;锌污染;Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法;都龙矿区 　　中图分类号X143文献标识码A文章编号 1007-5739(2010)22-0263-03 　　 　　StudyonCadmiumZincPollutionofSoilsandPlantsinDulongMine 　　LI Feng-weiBEI Rong-taWU Ming 　　(Department of Environment Science Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming Yunnan 650224) 　　AbstractThe analysis on samples of sediments,tailings,rice soils and plants in Xiaobai River polluted by cadmium and zinc were tested. The results showed that soil sediments,tailings and rice soils all had been severely polluted by Cd,and the Zn content of rice soils and sediments were beyond the standard of soil environmental quality level Ⅱ.The Lars Hankanson’s method was used to assess potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in Xiaobai River. The assessment results showed that each sample point was high with potential ecological risk,which was caused by high levels of Cd. In addition,Zn and Cd contents of plants growing in contaminated soils were much more than those in no polluted soils. It was indicated that the plants were severely polluted in contaminated soils. Some measures should be adopted to integrate control for the polluted area. 　　Key wordscadmium pollution;zinc pollution;potential ecological risk assessment of Hakanson;Dulong Mine 　　 　　金属矿产资源是不可再生资源,对国民经济的发展起着重要作用。但是矿山的开发及其一系列采矿、选矿经过加工程序都是高污染过程,尤其对河流、土壤、植物的污染更表现为直接性和危险性[1]。土壤重金属污染物造成土壤营养不良,导致土壤生产力低下,也影响着农产品的品质,已成为土壤环境科技工作者研究的首要问题[2]。 　　该研究通过对已受矿区污水污染的小白河流域的土壤,包括河流底泥、污染土壤,并对该地生长的几种植物进行分析测定,了解土壤中的镉(Cd)、锌(Zn)等重金属污染情况,从而对受污染的土壤提出合理的生态治理修复措施。 　　1材料与方法 　　1.1研究区概况 　　试验材料来源于云南省文山州马关县都龙镇小白河流域的三岔河。马关县位于云南省文山州南部,地处东经103°52′～104°39′、北纬22°42′～23°15′,属低纬度亚热带山地季风气候。年平均气温16.9 ℃,1月平均气温9.6 ℃,7月平均气温21.7 ℃,年均降水量1 345 mm,最大降水量1 776 mm,最小降水量1 027 mm。研究区马关县都龙矿区是锌、锡、砷和铁共生的多金属矿床,并伴生有铟、锗、镉、镓、钴、银等稀