农业和食品供应链的可追 踪性：基本概念，技术影响和前景预测的回顾外文翻译（可编辑）.docVIP

农业和食品供应链的可追踪性：基本概念，技术影响和前景预测的回顾外文翻译 外文翻译 原文 Traceability in agriculture and food supply chain: a review of basic concepts, technological implications, and future prospects Material Source: Food, Agriculture Environment Vol.11: 101-106. 2003 Auther: Linus U. Opara 1、Definition and Concept of Agricultural Supply Chain Management The conceptualization of consumer products and services a supply chains is now a common practice in most industries. From the farming of basic raw materials to delivery of final products to the consumer, each different step in the entire production process is viewed as link in the chain. Supply chain management SCM, therefore, represents the management of the entire set of production, manufacturing,transformations,distribution and marketing activities by which a consumer is supplied with a desired product. Some analysts refer to this as demand chain management to emphasize the focus on meeting consumer expectations. The practice of SCM encompasses the disciplines of economics, marketing, logistics and organizational behaviour to study how supply chains are organized and how institutional arrangements influence industry efficiency, competitions and profitability.Technological innovations in information sciences andengineering are increasingly playing vital roles in the vertical integration and coordination of supply chains through the application of hardware and software for measurements, data capture, analysis, storage and transmission. Two broad principal explanations can be advanced for the increasing interest in agricultural SCM: the industrialization of agriculture,and the uncertainty associated with variations in product quality and safety. The trend towards vertical coordination of agricultural supply chains ASC, reduction of government support subsidies for agriculture, globalization and competition among producers, processors and suppliers,explosion in technological progress applicable to the agri-fo