初中英语句子成分讲解及练习初中教育精选.pptVIP

主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： 1.Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） 2.He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） 3.Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） 4.To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） 5.What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） 主语 * 另外，英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：It .... that ...句式等。 ??6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 主语 * 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky.3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.4. It is very difficult to do todays homework without your help. 小练习 * 谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 1. His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） 2. We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） 3. We have finished reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） 4. He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） 谓语 * 请选出下列句中谓语的中心词。 1. I dont like the picture on the wall. 2. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. 3. Do you usually go to school by bus? 4. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? 5. What I want to tell you is this.? 小练习 * 从语法角度说，及物动词后面要接宾语 (介词后也有宾语) 。从意义上来说，宾语是动作的对象、目标。 宾语是对谓语动词的进一步说明和解释。 1. We often help him. （代词作宾语） 2. He likes to play basketball. （不定式作宾语） 3. We enjoy listening to the music. （动名词短语作宾语）4. She said? that she felt sick.? （从句做宾语） ? The sun gives us light and warmth. （us为间接宾语，light and warmth为直接宾语） 宾语 * 宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。可以带两个宾语的动词有：bring, give, show, send, pass, tell 等。1.直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物；2.间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。3.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 1）Our teacher tells us a story. 2）The sun gives us light. 如果强调直接宾语，可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面，但间接宾语前须加介词 “to”或“for”。 宾语分类 * 接to的动词有：give, bring, pass, lend, sell, send, show, tell, write等。 Give your mother the letter. ＝Give the letter to your mother.  直接宾语 间接宾语 接for的动 词有：buy, find, cook, draw, get, sing等。 Can you find me my bag? ＝Can you find my