现在完成时讲解与习题.docVIP

现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee PAGE PAGE 6 现在完成时讲解 一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) 　　①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 例：They have lived here for a long time.　　②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 例：She hasnt spoken to him.　　③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 例：Have you seen Matthew?　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） 二、用法 1） 现在完成时的完成用法 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. 例：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)　　 I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)  2） 现在完成时的未完成用法 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与for（+ HYPERLINK /html/c189/2009-10/35705.html \o 时间_中国英语网 \t _blank 时间段）,since（+时间点）连用. 　　例：Mary has been ill for three days. Mary has been ill since three days ago. 注意: 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.　　2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately等: 　　例：He has already obtained a scholarship. 　　 I havent seen much of him recently (lately). 　　 We have seen that film before. 　　 Have they found the missing child yet ?　　3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice, several times等: 　　例：Have you ever been to Beijing 　　 I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. 　　 I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. 　 　 George has met that gentleman several times.　　4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等: 　　例：Peter has written six papers so far. 　　 Up to the present everything has been successful. 　　5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. 　　 We have had four texts this semester. 6. have been to 和have gone to的区别： ①have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如： He has been to the USA three times. 他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”） ②have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如： --Wheres your mother? --你妈妈在哪？ --She has gone to the hospital. --她去医院了。 ③has been in 一直在某地 三、现在完