第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度.ppt

第三章 供应链管理的驱动要素和测度 第三章.供应链管理的要素和障碍 第一节.供应链性能的决定因素 第二节.存货（Inventory） 第三节.运输 (Transportation) 第四节.设施（facilities） 第五节.信息（Information） 第六节. 资源（Sourcing） 第七节. 价格（Pricing） 第一节.供应链性能的决定因素 一.为什么要研究供应链的要素 从目标看： 实现企业的竞争战略 从因果关系看: 通过控制几大要素来控制供应链的响应能力与效率 Drivers of Supply Chain Performance Information data and analysis regarding inventory, transportation, facilities throughout the supply chain potentially the biggest driver of supply chain performance Sourcing functions a firm performs and functions that are outsourced Pricing Price associated with goods and services provided by a firm to the supply chain 二.供应链决策框架 控制单独一个要素难以兼顾效率和响应能力，同时控制六大要素，用一个要素的优势来弥补其他要素的弱势，最后总体上使供应链效率和响应能力都提高。 就象踢足球，如果你各方面都强，你可以是C罗，如果你某方面不强，但靠其他几方面来弥补，你仍然可以是梅西。 我们在供应链管理中研究的所有决策问题其实就是针对这几个要素的决策问题。是供应链管理研究的具体化。 第三章.供应链管理的要素和障碍 第一节.供应链绩效的要素 第二节.存货（Inventory） 第三节.运输 (Transportation) 第四节.设施（facilities） 第五节.信息（Information） 第六节. 资源（Sourcing） 第七节. 价格（Pricing） 第二节.存货（Inventory） 一.定义 Inventory is all raw materials , work in process ,and finished goods within a supply chain. 是指供应链中流动的物品，不是指仓储设施，不要混淆概念。 二.存货决策的框架 Inventory: Role in the Supply Chain Inventory exists because of a mismatch between supply and demand Mismatch is intentional（故意的） at a retailer store where inventory is held in anticipation of future demand The role that inventory play in the supply chain is To increase the amount of demand that can be satisfied by having the product ready and available when customer wants it. To reduce cost by exploiting economies of scale that may exist during production and distribution. Major source of cost and influence on responsiveness (例如：服装供应链) Inventory: Role in Competitive Strategy If responsiveness is a strategic competitive priority, a firm can locate larger amounts of inventory closer to customers If cost is more important, inventory can be reduced to make the firm more efficient Trade-off Implicit in the inventory driver is between the responsiveness that results from more inventory and the effici