毕业论文设计《大数相乘》.docVIP

哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 - PAGE II - 摘要 大整数乘法运算经常会遇到溢出或精度不够的问题，而在许多领域要求高精度大整数运算。因而，有很多人在这方面作过努力。大整数运算比较通用的方法有叠加法（小学生乘法）和分治法。叠加法与我们笔算乘法一样，用第一个数的每一位去乘第二个数的每一位，然后把运算结果按权值叠加；分治法是把大整数化为可直接运算的小整数，再进行乘法运算，最后把乘得的结果组合为所求结果。 本文在总结这两种方法的基础上，提出一种把叠加与分治相结合的方法——叠加分治法。叠加分治法吸收了叠加法和分治算法的优点。该算法基于分治思想，把大整数分解成较小整数（几十位），再用叠加法运算较小整数，最后把运算结果组合为所求的积。一方面，减少较小整数多次分解与组合带来的在时间上和空间上的开销；另一方面，避免大整数叠加运算在时间上与规模成级数增加开销。 最后，本文还设计了一个算法演示程序，对分治算法、叠加算法与本文提出的叠加分治法做出定量分析，并就它们的优劣和适用环境做出详尽阐述。 关键词　大整数、乘法、分治法、叠加法、叠加分治法 Abstract Multiplication of large integers usually meets the problem of overflowing or not enough accurate. But, in many applied realms, highly accurate calculation of large integers is requested. As a result, many people have made great efforts in this aspect. Now, the general methods are the pen-and-pencil method and the divide-and-conquer method. The pen-and-pencil method, which is similar to multiply with a pen, is multiplying large integers with every digit of one number by every digit of the other one. Differently, the divide-and-conquer method is to divide large integers into several smaller integers (generally, they are tow), and then, to carry on the multiplication of the smaller integers. This text specifies another algorithm, which bases on those two methods. This algorithm, that combines the pen-and-pencil method and the divide-and-conquer method together, is called the combinative algorithm of pen-and-pencil and divide-and-conquer. It is the combination of virtues of the pen-and-pencil method and the divide-and-conquer method. Its thought, based on the divide-and-conquer, is firstly using the divide-and-conquer method to divide the large integers into smaller integers (several dozen digits), next using the pen-and-pencil method to calculate the smaller integers, and then combining the calculatingly results into the desired product. On the one hand, it reduces the time expense on decomposing smaller integers and combining their product. On the other hand, it avoids the fleetly incremental e