白及的花部特征与繁育系统-园艺学报.PDFVIP

园 艺 学 报 2012 ，39 （6 ）：1159 –1166 http: // www. ahs. ac. cn Acta Horticulturae Sinica E-mail: yuanyixuebao@126.com 白及的花部特征与繁育系统 * 王彩霞 ，田 敏，李全健，刘 芬 （中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所，浙江富阳 311400 ） 摘 要：通过野外观察、授粉特性分析、杂交指数估算及人工控制授粉试验等方法对白及野生居群 的花部特征和繁育系统进行了研究。结果表明：在自然条件下，白及4—5 月开花，群体花期约 44 d ，群 体盛花期约 12 d，集中在4 月 29 日—5 月 10 日，单株花期11 ~ 27 d，单花花期 6 ~ 8 d 。总状花序上具 两性花 3 ~ 11 朵。在花朵开放的整个过程中，花药始终高于柱头且两者之间存在隔离。花粉成熟时由粘 性物质聚结成团，无法散落至柱头。开花后 3 d 内花粉活力和柱头可授性均较高。白及杂交指数为4 。无 论去雄与否，套袋后的花均不结实，说明其不能进行自然的自花授粉和无融合生殖。白及人工自花授粉、 同株异花授粉和异株授粉的结实率分别为93.33%、90.00%和 93.33%，自然条件下的结实率为 5.26% 。花 粉成熟时由粘性物质聚结成团和缺乏有效的传粉媒介可能是白及自然条件下结实率低的主要原因。 关键词：白及；花部特征；花粉活力；柱头可授性；杂交指数；繁育系统 中图分类号：S 68 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0513-353X （2012 ）06-1159-08 Floral Syndrome and Breeding System of Bletilla striata * WANG Cai-xia ，TIAN Min，LI Quan-jian ，and LIU Fen （Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry ，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Fuyang ，Zhejiang 311400 ，China ） Abstract ：Field investigation ，out-crossing index estimation，pollination characteristics analysis and artificial pollination experiments were conducted on the floral syndrome and breeding system of Bletilla striata. The main results were as follows：Under natural conditions ，the flowering stage of populations was approximately 44 days from April to May，and the majority of plants kept blooming in 29th April to 10th May. The flowering stage for individual plant was approximately 11 –27 days and the life span of a single flower was about 6 –8 days. The flowers of B. striata were bisexual ，with 3 to 11 in a raceme. The anther always exceeded stigma during the whole flowering process. Mature pollen grains were grouped by viscous substances and couldn’t disseminate to the stigma. The pollen