异地剑麻抗性苗繁育和本地抗性苗选育技术研究.docVIP

异地剑麻抗性苗繁育和本地抗性苗选育技术研究 　　摘 要 开展异地剑麻抗性苗繁育和培育及大田种植技术试验研究。试验证明：应用抗性苗原种作母株钻心繁育的后代仍具有抗紫色卷叶病能力；二代抗性苗等均不宜用于繁育后代，抗性苗原种也不宜作组培材料繁殖后代，否则其后代抗性均下降；另外，广东湛江地区徐闻、雷州麻区部分发病早且重病田种苗已恢复生长并产生抗性，今后不必到的海南昌江麻区选抗性苗原种，该抗性苗不是基因突变得来的，而是产生了大量抗性物质的缘故，故仍需通过开展杂交来选育抗紫色卷叶病的可遗传的剑麻新品种。 　　关键词 剑麻抗性苗 ；紫色卷叶病 ；粉蚧 ；组培苗 ；技术研究 　　中图分类号 S563.8 　　Technical Study on Breeding of Alien Sisal Resistant Seedlings 　　and Selection of Local Sisal Resistant Seedlings 　　XIA Lihong HUANG Biao YANG Rong ZHAO Jialiu HUANG Luyan LI Jiangping QI Qiang 　　（Dongfanghong Farm of Zhanjiang，Agricultural Reclamation，Leizhou，Guangdong 524251） 　　Abstract Experimental study on breeding and cultivation and field planting technology of alien sisal resistant seedlings were carried out. The study proved that the seedlings reproduced from drilling the leaf axis of 1st generation resistant seedlings still had the resistance of purple leaf roll virus. However，the 2nd generation seedlings were not suitable to be as mother plant for expanding propagation. The 1st generation resistant seedlings were not suitable to be as explants for tissue culture，too. This is because the resistance of their offspring was reduced. Fortunately，a part of old serious disease damaged sisal plant area in Xuwen and Leizhou had had the resistant seedlings. So，we can select and breeding 1st generation resistant seedlings in local instead of Hainan Changjiang. The resistance is caused by accumulation of resistance substance not by genetic mutation. So，it is urgent that breeding a new resistant sisal variety by hybrid breeding. 　　Key words sisal resistant seedlings ；purple leaf roll virus ；Dysmicoccus neobrevipes （Beardsley） ；tissue culture seedlings ；technical study 　　?β榭剐悦缡侵缚菇Ｂ樽仙?卷叶病麻苗，该苗是2010年在海南昌江青坎农场老重疫区选出的。2001年11月紫色卷叶病在海南昌江青坎农场麻区首次发生，次年4月便在该场全面暴发并迅速蔓延至周边农村麻园；2006-2007年，该病又蔓延至广东雷州北和镇地方麻区及湛江地区的徐闻县、雷州市垦区剑麻农场的麻区，接着又迅速蔓延至广东廉江及揭阳农垦麻区，近年该病又进一步蔓延至广西浦北麻区。该病造成的损失非常严重，仅海南、广东因该病危害已淘汰剑麻面积达0.67多万hm2，该病已成为制约中国剑麻产业发展的瓶颈问题。该病是由新菠萝灰粉蚧（下面简称粉蚧）作为传播媒介引起[1-6]，但防治该粉蚧的难度和成本大且防治不彻