河北省农业灌溉工程节水技术效益分析和计算.docVIP

河北省农业灌溉工程节水技术效益分析和计算 　　摘要:农业用水占总用水量的70%以上,农业用水对水资源的可持续利用具有巨大的影响。通过对河北省常用的工程节水措施进行分析,低压管道输水技术投资小、适应性强,是目前节水工程中采用较多的一种;渠道防渗投资小,适用于长距离调水的灌渠;微灌具有省水、省工、节能、增产等优点,但投资较大,适用于蔬菜、花卉、药材等产值高、收益好的经济作物;喷灌具有节水、水保、节地、节省劳动力、适应性强的特点,但投资较大,适用于大型农场、果园等经济类作物。通过对不同节水灌溉措施投资和经济效益分析,为节水灌溉工程设计提供科学依据。 　　关键词:灌溉用水定额;节水灌溉技术;节水效益;河北省 　　中图分类号:S275文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-1683(2010)01-0099-05 　　 　　Analysis on the Benefit of Water-Saving Technology of Agricultural Irrigation Engineering in Hebei Province 　　 　　WANG Hua-liang 　　(Hydrology and Water Resource Survey Bureau of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050031, China) 　　Abstract: 　　Occupying 70% of total water use, agricultural water use has the dominant influence on sustainable utilization of water resources. This article analyzes the popular water-saving engineering technology in Hebei province. The low-pressure piping technology is the most popular water-saving technology of irrigation because of its lower investment and good applicability; the channel seepreventing technology has lower investment and applies to long distance water delivery; the micro irrigation technology has the advantage of water-saving, energy saving, laborsaving and increasing production, and it is suitable for valuable crops such as vegetable, flower and herbs, but it needs large investment; the sprinkling irrigation has the advantage of water-saving, soil conservation, land-saving, laborsaving and wide applicability with higher investment, so this method is suitable for those economic crops on the large sized farms and orchards. The article submits the scientific bases for the design of water-saving engineering by analyzing the input and output of the different water-saving irrigation technologies. 　　Key words: the norm of irrigation;water-saving irrigation technology;benefit of water-saving;Hebei province. 　　 　　近年来,河北省干旱缺水的形势日益严峻,区域性缺水、季节性缺水、工程性缺水和水质性缺水等问题日益突出,水资源短缺已成为我国经济发展的制约因素和农业可持续发展的瓶颈。全面建设节水型社会,是应对日趋严重的缺水形势、解决水资源紧缺问题最根本、最有效的措施。河北省是一个农业大省,农业是第一用水大户,全省用水消耗总量中有70%以上是