第五节形容词和副词（4-1~5-2）.docVIP

第五节 形容词与副词（4-1~5-2） 大纲要求： 形容词与副词掌握比较级的构成及其用法。 一、形容词在句子中的作用 1、形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。 A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子应当行为规矩。（定语） I like this red dress very much.（定语） She is beautiful. (表语) The patient is asleep. （表语） Who has got the window open? (宾语补足语) Ive got everything ready for the class. (宾语补足语) I said it would happen, and sure enough it did happen.(独立成分) 2、大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但有少数形容词只能作表语。 This is a red dress. The dress is red. alike, afraid, alone, asleep, awake, aware, alive, ashamed, unable, content. 二、副词在句子中的作用 副词在句子中主要作状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子。 Unfortunately, he wasnt at home when I came. （修饰整个句子） Luckily, she wasnt injured in the accident.（修饰整个句子） Her pronunciation is very good.（修饰形容词） I have been extremely busy these days.（修饰形容词） I can hardly agree with you.（修饰动词） He works terribly (quite) hard. （修饰副词） 三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成 1．单音节词和少数双音节词（如以y结尾的）在词尾加-er , -est. 如：small, smaller, smallest; great, greater, greatest; clever, cleverer, cleverest; quiet, quieter, quietest ; common, commoner, commonest; narrow, narrower, narrowest。 2、以e结尾的词加-r , -st 。 如：larger, larger , largest ; simple, simpler , simplest ; polite, politer , politest; brave, braver, bravest; fine, finer, finest。 3、以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i 再加-er , -est 。 如：busy，busier, busiest; heavy，heavier, heaviest; happy，happier, happiest. 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写该辅音字母，再加-er, -est 。（一个辅音字母结尾；重读闭音节） 如：big，bigger, biggest; thin，thinner, thinnest; hot，hotter, hottest。 双音节词，多音节词比较级和最高级在词前加more, most。 如：difficult, more difficult, most difficult, interesting, more interesting, most interesting; useful, more useful, most useful。 特殊的比较级和最高级 四、形容词和副词比较级的用法 1、比较级常与than引导的状语从句连用，表示与什么相比。 This room is bigger than any other one in the hotel. 为了避免重复，从句常用一些代词。 比较必须是两个相同的成分。 Everyday he arrives earlier than anyone else in the company. Small oranges are usually sweeter than big ones. It is better to be prepared than unprepared.