《风险评价技术跟方法》 13_failure_mode_and_effects_analysis.pdfVIP

Chapter 13 Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 13.1 INTRODUCTION Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a tool for evaluating the effect(s) of potential failure modes of subsystems, assemblies, components, or functions. It is primarily a reliability tool to identify failure modes that would adversely affect overall system reliability. FMEA has the capability to include failure rates for each failure mode in order to achieve a quantitative probabilistic analysis. Additionally, the FMEA can be extended to evaluate failure modes that may result in an undesired system state, such as a system hazard, and thereby also be used for hazard analysis. A more detailed version of the FMEA is known as failure mode, effects and cri- ticality analysis (FMECA). The FMECA requires that more information be obtained from the analysis, particularly information dealing with the criticality and detection of the potential failure modes. The FMEA method is a disciplined bottom-up evaluation technique that focuses on the design or function of products and processes in order to prioritize actions to reduce the risk of product or process failures. In addition, the FMEA is a tool for documenting the analysis and capturing recommended design changes. Time and resources for a comprehensive FMEA must be allotted during design and process development, when design and process changes can most easily and inexpensively be implemented. Hazard Analysis Techniques for System Safety, by Clifton A. Ericson, II Copyright # 2005 John Wiley Sons, Inc. 235 236 FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS 13.2 BACKGROUND The FMEA technique falls under the detailed design hazard analysis type (DD-HAT)