在杭独立学院大学生就业压力的研究外文翻译.doc

在杭独立学院大学生就业压力的研究 浙江理工大学科技与艺术学院本科毕业论文 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT - 2 - PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1 外文翻译 原文1 Training Policy and Employment Generation For many years, in the post-war UK economy, training policy and employment policy were considered to be loosely related aspects of government economic policy as a whole, but each had its own separately identifiable characteristics and objectives. Hence, in the 1960s and 1970s, employment policy consisted mainly of Keynesian demand-side measures, chiefly via government deficit financing buttressed by special support measures such as employment subsidies and regional assistance. Even the emergence of youth and long-term unemployment in the 1970s did not deflect government from its belief that the underlying causal factor was a lack of effective demand in the economy. In the meantime, training policy had developed in a piecemeal, ad hoc way with a lack of conviction by governments in this period as to the merits of training in helping to tackle the UKs micro-and macro- economic objectives. Only in the 1980s has government recognised the possible linkages between having a highly trained skilled workforce and achieving a high level of employment. Hence the New Classical revolution in macro-economics, with its focus on supply-side rather than demand-side economic policy, has led to a fundamental change of attitude in policy circles towards training and employment. These are now seen as not only being significantly linked; but that a sound expanding training policy is a necessary precondition for achieving higher employment, especially among youths and the long-term unemployed. Hence the diagnosis of the UKs unemployment problem has changed from a macro- economic base to a micro-economic base, where the rigidities in the labour market are seen as the main cause and where training schemes are seen to be needed alongside policies to promote small firms and entrepreneurship, and with reform of