高中生对曲线切线问题理解的调查与分析-教育专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 高中生对曲线切线问题理解的调查与分析 中文摘要 在新一轮的课程改革中，加强了导数在研究函数和解决实际问题中的应用， 对于导数几何意义的应用在于考查学生对曲线切线问题的理解掌握情况 ?1??。为此 笔者编制了《高中生对切线理解的调查》问卷，并对西宁市五所中学420名高二 学生进行了问卷调查（有效问卷403份），通过对403份有效问卷进行统计分析， 笔者得出：高二学生对切线的理解存在的误区有(1)认为“所有曲线的切线判定 都可以联立方程组用 ??来解决”，(2)认为“直线与曲线只有一个公共点时，直 线与曲线的位置关系是相切”，(3)认为“直线与曲线相切时，直线与曲线只有 一个公共点”，(4)认为“直线与曲线相切时，直线与曲线只有一个切点”，(5) 认为“曲线在切线的同一侧，切线不能穿过曲线”，(6)认为“过”某一点的切 线与“在”某一点的切线是一样的，(7)认为“在曲线上任意一点处都有切线”； 究其原因主要有:(1)学生对切线的理解还停留在圆的切线阶段；(2)学生对某一 点的切线是割线的极限位置的理解还不够深刻；(3)学生运用曲线的切线解决问 题时，受到初中所学“圆的切线”概念负迁移的影响，不少学生把“圆与直线相 切时只有一个公共点”推广到了“一般曲线与直线相切时也只有一个公共点”。 针对学生对切线理解存在的七个误区及误区产生的原因，笔者从五个方面对 切线问题进行了再谈讨，同时又从三个方面列举了曲线的切线在高考试题中的应 用。 关键词：曲线，导数，切线，公共点 I Investigation and analysis of high school students on a tangent curve to understand the problem Abstract In the new round of curriculum reform and strengthen the derivative in the study of functions and solve practical problems, for the application of geometric meaning of derivative that test students understanding of the issues on the tangent curve to grasp the situation.In the new round of curriculum reform and strengthen the derivative in the study of functions and solve practical problems, for the application of geometric meaning of derivative that test students understanding of the issues on the tangent curve to grasp the situation.Therefore, the author compiled a high school students understanding of tangent investigation questionnaire, and five secondary schools in Xining City High School students were 420 questionnaires (403 valid questionnaires), through the 403 valid questionnaires were analyzed,The reasons are: 1, the students level of understanding is still stuck in a circle tangent tangent stage, from the general curve tangent stage there is still a gap; students tangent is there are some difficulties in understanding the limits of secant position; students tangent curve using inadequate capacity to solve practical problems, students transition from the circle tangent to the curve tangent general there are certain