Introduction to phonetics教学讲义.ppt

Phonetics;Issues to be discussed; Speech production and perception;Branches of phonetics;Speech organs;The organs of speech;;Vocal cords;Vocal cords closed;;The International phonetic Alphabet (IPA);Segments and divergences;The IPA;One of the first activities of the Association was to produce a journal in which the contents were printed entirely in phonetic transcription. The idea of establishing a phonetic alphabet was first proposed by the Danish grammarian and phonetician Otto Jespersen (1860-1943) in 1886, and the first version of the International Phonetic Alphabet (the IPA chart) was published in August 1888. ; Its main principles were that there should be a separate letter for each distinctive sound, and that the same symbol should be used for that sound in any language in which it appears. The alphabet was to consist of as many Roman alphabet letters as possible, using new letters and diacritics only when absolutely necessary. These principles continue to be followed today. ;CONSONANTS(PULMONIC)(肺闭塞音);CONSONANTS(NON-PULMONIC)(非肺闭塞音) ;Other symbols;;Diacritics (变音符);phoneme;concept of alternation;Suprasegmentals (超音段);Tones and word accents;3.4.1 Consonants and vowels;;Manners of articulation ;;;Places of articulation ;;;The consonants in English;IPA transcription for the English consonants;Vowels vs consonants;manner of articulation;place of articulation;A three-term description;Alternative terms;glottal stop [?];aspiration;Consonantal sounds arranged by place and manner of articulation;;Vowels;;;;The theory of cardinal vowels;Daniel Jones (1881-1967);;;;;Pure / monophthong vowels vs. vowel glides;Diphthongs vs. triphthongs;;Diphthongs;;;Important points;Vowels in RP (Wells, 2000);English vowels in the CV chart;Description of English vowels;Suprasegmentals: tone;