How-Seatbelts-Work(安全带工作原理).ppt

* * How Seatbelts Work Introduction According to NHTSA seatbelts save 13,000 lives in US each year 7,000 US car accident fatalities could have been avoided if victims had been wearing belts Seatbelts reduce the risk of death for a front seat car occupant by about 50 percent Seatbelts Seatbelt – spreads the crash forces across stronger parts of the body to minimize injury. Consists of lap belt and a shoulder belt Belts extend across the pelvis, rib cage and shoulder. Force is not concentrated in a small area, so injury is reduced. Crashworthiness Crumple zones – front and rear of the car that collapse relatively easily Car seatbelts have the ability to extend and retract You can lean forward easily, belt stays fairly taut In a collision, belt tightens up and holds you in place Seat Belt Retractors Retractor mechanism A spiraled spring rotates the spool to keep the seatbelt webbing taut Retractor has a locking mechanism  Two types of locking mechanisms: Systems triggered by the car’s movement Systems triggered by the belt’s movement Weighted pendulum triggered by car movement When the car comes to a sudden stop the inertia causes the pendulum to swing forward. The pawl on the other end of the pendulum catches the tooth ratchet gear attached to the spool. The gear and spool can no longer rotate counterclockwise. 1) Centrifugal clutch triggered by belt movement Centrifugal clutch. When the spool rotates quickly, centrifugal force drives the weighted end of a pivoting lever outward. The lever pushes a cam connected to a pawl. The pawl moves into the spinning ratchet gear stopping the belt. 2) Pretensioner Tightens up slack in the belt webbing in the event of a crash Pulls in on the belt Some pretensioners pull the entire retractor mechanism backward and some rotate the spool itself They are the same central control processor that activates the car’s air bags Pretensioners Processor monitors mechanical or electronic motion sensors that respond to sudden decelerati