真空应用技术基础.docxVIP

第一章 真空技术基础 本章主要内容： 1. 真空的基本知识 2. 真空的获得 3. 真空的测量 4. 稀薄气体的基本性质 5. 真空配件、检测 1 §1-1 气体与真空 Air, as a gas, is composed of molecules that you can imagine as round elastic balls. Molecules move in straight lines until they collide with neighboring molecules or the container wall. 2 THE ATMOSPHERE IS A MIXTURE OF GASES PARTIAL PRESSURES OF GASES CORRESPOND TO THEIR RELATIVE VOLUMES GAS SYMBOL PERCENT BY VOLUME PARTIAL PRESSURE TORR PASCAL Nitrogen N2 78 593 79,000 Oxygen O2 21 158 21,000 Argon Ar 0.93 7.1 940 Carbon Dioxide CO2 0.03 0.25 33 Neon Ne 0.0018 1.4 x 10-2 1.8 Helium He 0.0005 4.0 x 10-3 5.