4.英汉两种语言差异.ppt

英汉两种语言在表达上的差异 思维差异对语言特点的影响 思维差异对语言特点的影响 一、 主体性思维 客体性思维 汉语常用人称主语表达，注重“什么人怎么样了” 英语常以物或抽象概念等非人称为主语，使事物以客观的口气呈现出来，注重“什么事发生在什么人身上” eg. What has happened to you ? 你怎么了? eg. A strange peace came over her when she was alone. 她独处时便感到一种特殊的安宁。 在大学英语四级、六级作文中发现很多这样的结尾： Therefore，we should waste no electricity. We must remember without electricity，there would be no power，no energy...; As a student，I should study hard to gain as much knowledge as possible. I should keep up with the development of the society and technology. 思维差异对语言特点的影响 英语用抽象名词或无生命的事物名称作主语，同时又使用本来表示人的动作或行为的动词作其谓语，这种句式往往带有拟人化修辞色彩，语气含蓄，令人回味，反映了英美民族的幽默感。 汉民族较缺乏幽默感，注重的是“什么人做什么事”，往往用人或比较确定的事物作主语。在汉英转换中，用“物称”代替“人称”常常是一种有效的手段。 思维差异对语言特点的影响 eg. A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Oglivie in. 奥格尔维进门时带进一缕雪茄烟雾。 eg. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. 这位饱尝辛酸者，却让全世界的人发出笑声。 思维差异对语言特点的影响 Assignment 1: 将下面各句翻译成汉语： 1. My shock and embarrassment at finding my mother in tears was a perfect index of how little I understand the pressure on her. 2. The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. 3. Losing?their?leader?took?all?the?fight?out?of?them. 4. Dusk found the child crying in the street. 5. Beijing has witnessed many changes in the past few years. 6. The moment we stepped into the country, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 思维差异对语言特点的影响 二、螺旋型思维 直线性思维(英前汉后） ▲在语言表达上，英美人习惯于在语篇的开始就直接点题,然后再依次分析，重心在前，是英语长句的一个特点。 ▲而重心在后，则通常是汉语词语排列顺序上的一个特点。 思维差异对语言特点的影响 eg. His chief contribution was making me realize how much more than knowledge I have been getting from him. 译1：他的最大贡献使我认识到，我从他那里学到的远远不只是知识。 译2：他使我认识到，我从他那里学到的，远远不只是知识，这是他最大的贡献。 eg. The theory is of great importance, the hotter the body is, the more energy it radiates . 译1：这一理论非常重要，那就是物体的温度越高，放射的能量越多。 译2：物体的温度越高，放射的能量越多，这一理论非常重要。 思维差异对语言特点的影响 Assignment 2: Translate following sentences into Chinese: A stone smashed harmlessly on the ground when it dropped from the building. The people of a