考研-1-introductionofLinguistics.ppt

讲义一 Introduction to Linguistics Grace Tan T/F 1.The relation between form and meaning in human language is natural. 2.When lg is used to get information from others , it serves an informative function. 3.The reason for French to use Cheval and English to use horse to refer to the same animal is inexplicable. 4.Most animal communication systems lack the primary level of articulation. 5.Halliday′s linguistic potential is similar to the notions of parole and performance. 6.Descriptive linguistics are concerned with how lgs work, not with how they can be improved. Introduction Definition of linguistics Features of language Functions of language Some important distinctions in Linguistics Main branches of linguistics Applied Linguistics Definition of Linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of language. 语言学研究的是总体层面上的语言，并非那种特定的语言，语言学描述所用语言共性的东西，比如说发音，语法结构，意义等。 语言学是对语言科学动态的研究，随着时间的推移产生变化。 (武大）Explain speech and writing, and cite TWO or more examples. (浙大） What are the four principles for the scientific study of lg? (浙大，东大， 厦大）Point out 3 ways in which linguistics differs from traditional grammar. The four principles in the linguistic study are _,_,_,_. Exhaustive, consistency, economy, objectivity. The writing system of English is known as the sound writing system while that of Japanese as___. Syllabic writing system (北外）Define general linguistics and describe its main branches. Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of lg. General linguistics is the study of lg as a whole. This includes the basic concepts, theories, descriptions , models and methods in the analysis of lg. It is used in contrast with branches of study which apply linguistics to the research of other areas, such as sociolinguistics and stylistic linguistics. Major branches of GL include phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics, etc.(阐述他们的定义） What is language?（大连外） Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 蜜蜂可以用舞姿交流，黑猩猩可以学会部分人类的语言，这属