2.英语多长句,汉语多短句1.pptVIP

第二章 第二节 英语多长句，汉语多短句 由于“多枝共干”是英语的一个突出特征，就像竹子一样，很多枝叶共生在一根主干上。只要符合句法结构，许多意思往往可以放在一个长句中表达（尤其是在正式的文体中），有很多修饰和补充成分，通过各种语法结构连接起来，理论上句子可以无限延长，因此英语多长句。而汉语则正好相反，是“人治”的语言，“以意统形”，“以神摄形”，“遗形写神”是汉语的一大特点。语义通过字词直接表达，不同的意思往往通过不同的短句表达出来。其修饰成分一般多前置，因为前置空间有限，必然造成修饰成分不能太多。 正是由于这个原因，英译汉要化整为零，译成多个短小的句子；而汉译英要化零为整。当然有些英语句子尽管也较长，但结构比较简单，内容以句序排列，即所谓的“流水句”，比较容易译，一般可以按顺序翻译。有些长句比较复杂，就要根据具体情况实行逆序翻译或分句翻译。 * 　1. So when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that a tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate, and she also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate. 于是女人见那棵树的果子好作食物，也悦人的眼目，且是可喜爱的，能使人有智慧，就摘下果子来吃了。又给她丈夫，她丈夫也吃了。 当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。例如: 1. 顺译法 例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of minerals are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. 可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理地估计出这些矿物质的“可期年限”, 即这些矿物的所有已知矿源和储量将要耗尽的时间。 英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同, 甚至完全相反, 这时就要考虑从原文后面开始翻译。例如: 2. 逆译法 1. I merely desired to point out the principal reason which I believe exists for the greater exaggeration which is occasionally to be observed in the estimate of the importance of the contradiction between current Religion and current Science put forward by thinkers of reputation. 我仅仅想要指出，有名气的思想家提出的当今宗教和当今科学之间的矛盾的重要性的估计里偶尔被人看出的我相信存在的较大的夸张的主要理由而已。 原译: 　 这样的译文真是诘屈聱牙，令人不忍卒读。见到这样的句子就要弄清句意后，要努力摆脱英语句法结构的束缚，用通达的汉语表达出来。思果提供的通达的译文如下： 出名的思想家把当今宗教和当今科学之间的矛盾，偶尔估计得过高，我仅仅想指出他们这种看法的主要理由是什么而已。 2. We wanted to avoid the mistake made by many couples of marrying for the wrong reasons, and only finding out ten, twenty, or thirty years later that they were incompatible, that they hardly took the time to know each other, that they overlooked serious personality conflicts in the expectation that marriage was an automatic way to make everything work out right. 许多夫妻因为错误的理由结