模具专业毕业设计外文翻译翻译--材料选择-模具设计.doc

本科毕业设计（论文） 外文资料翻译 Material Selection During recant years the selection of engineering materials has assumed great importance. Moreover, the process should be one of continual reevaluation. New materials often become available and there may be a decreasing availability of others. Concerns regarding environmental pollution, recycling and worker health and safety often impose new constraints. The desire for weight reduction or energy savings may dictate the use of different materials. Pressures from domestic and foreign competition, increased serviceability requirements, and customer feedback may all promote materials reevaluation. The extent of product liability actions, often the result of improper material use, has had a marked impact; in addition, the interdependence between materials and their processing has become better recognized. The development of new processes often forces reevaluation of the materials being processed. Therefore, it is imperative that design and manufacturing engineers exercise considerable care in selecting, specifying, and utilizing materials if they are to achieve satisfactory results at reasonable cost and still assure quality. The first step in the manufacture of any product is design, which usually takes place in several distinct stages: (a) conceptual; (b) functional; (c) production design. During the conceptual-design stage, the designer is concerned primarily with the functions the product is to fulfill Usually several concepts are visualized and considered, and a decision is made either that the idea is not practical or that the idea is sound and one or more of the conceptual designs should be developed further. Here, the only concern for materials is that materials exist that can provide the desired property. If no such materials are available, consideration is given as to whether there is a reasonable prospect that new one could be developed within cost and time limitations. At the functional or enginee