消防专业论文-液化石油气储罐火灾爆-炸事故处置中安全距离的估算.docxVIP

PAGE II 液化石油气储罐火灾爆炸事故处置中安全距离的估算 摘 要 由于液化石油气的易燃易爆性，液化石油气储罐极易发生火灾和爆炸事故，给消防人员的生命安全带来严重的威胁。如何根据现场情况快速估算事故危害，确定事故处置的安全距离，是消防指挥员急需解决的重要问题，也是难点问题。目前,指挥员确定安全距离的方法主要是根据经验和直觉进行判断,还缺乏较为科学合理又简单易行的定量计算方法。为了得到液化石油气爆炸火灾事故的安全距离的快速定量的估算方法，本课题根据液化石油气储罐的危险特性和液化石油气储罐火灾爆炸事故类型及危害，采用事故后果评价法，结合冲击波超压准则和热通量准则对于人体的伤害标准，分别对蒸气云爆炸、沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸和池火灾三种不同事故类型所产生的冲击波、热辐射进行计算，导出安全距离与液化石油气储量之间的定量估算模型，并将该模型应用到西安“3·5”液化石油气泄漏事故中，计算证明了该方法的正确性和可信性。通过液化石油气储罐火灾爆炸事故处置中的安全距离的确定，为消防指挥员的指挥决策、危险区域群众的疏散提供数据参考。 关键词：液化石油气； 蒸气云爆炸； 沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸； 池火灾； 安全距离 The Estimate of a Safe Distance in a Liquefied Petroleum Gas Tank Fire Explosion Abstract Due to explosiveness and combustibility of liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied petroleum gas tank vulnerable to fire and explosion, the safety of firefighters to bring a serious threat. How the rapid estimation of the accident scene hazards, determine safety distance from the disposal of the accident, the fire commanders need to be addressed urgently is an important issue, but also difficult problems. At present, the commander of the method to determine safety distance is based mainly on experience and intuition to judge, but also the lack of a more scientific and reasonable and simple method of quantitative calculation. In order to be liquefied petroleum gas exploded a safe distance from the fires rapid quantitative estimation method, the subject of liquefied petroleum gas storage tank in accordance with the risk characteristics and liquefied petroleum gas storage tank type of fire and explosion hazards, evaluate the consequences of the use of accident law, combined with the shock wave overpressure guidelines and criteria for heat flux standards for the harm the human body, namely the explosion of the vapor cloud, the expansion of boiling liquid vapor explosion and fire in three different pool types of incidents arising from the shock wave, thermal radiation, the export of LPG a safe distance and quantitative estimation of reserves between. The model will be applied to Xian 3?5