消防专业论文-人群行走速度采集方法及应用研究.docVIP

PAGE III 摘 要 随着经济发展的全球化，人群聚集活动越来越多的出现在各种公共场所当中，使得许多人群安全事件发生概率大大增加，严重影响了公共安全。而在人员密集的公众聚集场所，造成重、特大人员伤亡事故的原因大多与人群疏散有关。利用计算机对疏散过程进行模拟仿真是当前疏散研究的一种主要方法，而获得真实、准确的疏散基础数据对于模拟结果的准确程度起着至关重要的作用，而现有的数据获取方法没有统一的规范，因此需要通用准确的数据获取方法尤为重要。 本论文对现有的行人数据采集方法如现场观测法、视频采集法和GPS采集法进行了分析和比较。通过对已有文献的综合分析，以精细节点网格为基础，考虑更多的细节、注重人员特性对行走速度的影响、从场景的选取和布置和数据处理方法等方面提出采集人群行走速度的方法，并利用该方法分别对商场，地铁站中的人群在水平通道、上下楼梯的速度进行采集，利用人群行走轨迹法对所得数据进行处理，将所得结果与国内外研究结果进行比较，验证了该方法的准确性。同时通过实地的观察，分析总结了影响人群疏散的因素及其人群行为特点，在此基础上提出了相应的疏散管理策略。本论文的研究结果为不同场所中获取人群行人速度提供了技术指导，同时为人员密集场所的人群管理提供了参考。 关键词： 疏散； 行走速度； 采集方法； 管理策略 Abstract With the globalization of economic growth, more and more group gathering activities appear in various public places. Emergencies such as injuries and deaths occur occasionally, which results in huge impacts on public safety. What’s more, in crowded public gathering places, most serious and critical injuries and deaths are responsible for the crowd dispersal. Making full use of computers to simulate the process of evacuation is the main method of dispersal research at present. And obtaining true and accurate dispersal basic data produces an important effect on the accuracy of simulation outcome. The existing method of data acquisition is no uniform standard, so that a common method of data acquisition accuracy is particularly important. The paper has made such comparison and analysis about the existing methods of pedestrian collection as field observation, screen collection and GPS collection. By means of comprehensive analysis of existing documents on the basic of delicate grid node, taking consideration into more details and focusing on personnel characteristics on walking speed, the choice of scene and design and the disposal of data, I will put forward to the way of finding the crowd walking speed and apply it to practice. The results obtained were compared with the domestic and foreign research,verifying the accuracy of the method. Through field observations,it analyzes the element of the influences on